Doctors in Gray

Cunningham, Doctors in Gray, p. 75. Like their Northern counterparts, storekeepers held a rank of first lieutenant but were not to exceed six in number. The number of stewards, however, was as many. .. as the service may require. See War Reb., series 4, volume l,pp. 326-327. 

H. H. Cunningham, Doctors in Gray The Confederate Medical Service (1958 reprint, Fouisiana State University Press, 1993), pp. 144-145. The Association for the Relief of Maimed Soldiers did provide Confederate-wide assistance of crutches and prosthetic devices for soldiers with injured and amputated limbs, but it did not include broad-ranging services such as those provided by the Sanitary Commission, including drug provision and pharmaceutical care. In his section on the... 

H. H. Cunningham, Doctors in Gray The Confederate Medical Service, Second Edition (1960 reprint, Louisiana State University Press, 1993), pp. 21-26. 

See, for example, Cunningham, Doctors in Gray, pp. 251-252, 260-266 George N. Malpass, Medicine in the Confederate Army, American Journal of Pharmacy 115 (1943) 173-177 E. Robert Wiese, Life and Times of Samuel Preston Moore, Surgeon-General of the Confederate States of America, Southern Medical Journal 23 (1930) 916-922 and Courtney Robert Hall, The Influence of the Medical Department Upon Confederate Operations, The Journal of the American Military History Foundation 1 (1937) 46-54. 

Dalton was a quiet, unassuming man and a devout Quaker. When presented to King William IV of England, Dalton refused to wear the colorful court robes because of his religion. His friends persuaded him to wear the scarlet robes of Oxford University, from which he had a doctor s degree. Dalton was color-blind, so he saw himself clothed in gray. 

Doll R, Peto R, Wheatley K, Gray R, Sutherland I (1994) Mortahty in relation to smoking 40 years observations on male British doctors. BMJ 309 901-911 European Commission (2004) Tobacco or health in the European Union past, present and future. Available at http //ec,europa,eu/health/ph.determinants/life.style/Tobacco/Documents/ tobacco fr.en.pdf... 

A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of the brain can actually determine between the regular and the occasional coffee drinker. Caffeine consistently slows blood flow by 25% to the gray matter of the brain, which contains the cells, and by 20% to the white matter, which contains the connecting nerve fibers. Heavy users of caffeine show more blood flow in the gray matter in the front of the brain when they had abstained for 30 hours, compared to those who infrequently ingest caffeine. With fMRI, the doctor can look inside the brain and observe the phenomenon of caffeine withdrawal in action. 

Peto R, Gray R, Collins R, et al. Randomized trial of prc hylactic daily aspirin in British male doctors. 

Peto R, Gray R, Collins R, Wheatley K, Hennekens C, Jamrozik K, Warlow C, Hafner B, Thompson E, Norton S, et al. Randomised trial of prophylactic daily aspirin in British male doctors. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 1988 296(6618) 313-16. 

In a characteristically provocative article Muir Gray (Gray, 1999) describes the features of what he calls post-modern medicine - a distrust of science, a readiness to resort to litigation, a greater attention to risk and better access to information (of whatever quality). He also points out, as indeed have many commentators, how consumer and patient values have already replaced paternalistic and professional values, and where doctors used to lead, they now follow. The monolithic role of the doctor has been challenged by lay experts, whose ability to influence public debate and policy increases just as that of the doctor or scientist diminishes - the lay expert may be the survivor of a disaster or the sufferer from a disease (Bury, 1998). The Gulf War veteran may fulfil both roles. 

Gray, H. et al 2004, Responses to Changing Needs in U.S. Doctoral Education , Journal of Chemical Education, 81,1698-1704. 

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