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DNA replication overview

Enzymes DNA is replicated by DNA-directed DNA polymerases (Steitz, 1998), which add complementary deoxyribonucleotides to the elongating chain of daughter DNA. DNA ligase is involved in the joining of the nicked DNA fragments. Other enzymes include topoisomerase, helicase and primase, which perform varied functions and are essential to DNA replication. Collectively, these replication enzymes and associated proteins are called the DNA rephcase system or the replisome (Benkovic et at, 2001). [Pg.446]

Substrates All four deoxyribonucleotides) are required for DNA rephcation. The incoming nucleotide is selected as directed by Watson-Crick base pairing, with the template and triphosphates providing the energy to drive the biosynthesis. [Pg.446]

Formation of replication fork DNA polymerases use single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as templates. This involves the unwinding (opening) of the DNA duplex. Cir- [Pg.446]

DNA is replicated bidirectionally Prokaryotic DNA is a circular duplex. Circular DNA replication involving 9 stmctures is called 9 replication, which proceeds in bidirections. Prokaryotic chromosome contains an origin, Ori (a nucleotide sequence of 100-200 base pairs (bp)), where the two DNA replication forks extend in opposite directions. [Pg.447]

Polarity of DNA synthesis DNA polymerase adds nucleotide units to 3 -OH of the pre-existing chain. Thus DNA biosynthesis (likewise RNA biosynthesis) proceeds in one chemical direction, from the 5 to the 3 end. This directionality has given rise to the convention that polynucleotide sequences are read from left to right in the 5 3 direction. [Pg.447]

See also DNA, Purines, De Novo Biosynthesis of Purine Nucleotides, DNA Replication Overview... [Pg.9]

See also Drug Design, Salvage Routes to Deoxyribonucleotide Synthesis, DNA Replication Overview (from Chapter 24), Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases (from Chapter 24), Retrovirus Replication (from Chapter 24)... [Pg.1106]

See also DNA Replication Overview (from chapter 24), DNA, History of DNA... [Pg.2210]

DNA Replication Overview Replication Fork E. coli DNA Polymerases Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases Other Replication Proteins Topoisomerases Uracil-DNA N-Glycosylase Replication Complexes Initiation of DNA Replication Replication of Linear Genomes Fidelity of DNA Replication... [Pg.2216]

The Universality of Semiconservative Replication Overview of DNA Replication in Bacteria... [Pg.650]

Related topics DNA replication in bacteria (F3) Transcription in DNA replication in eukaryotes (F4) prokaryotes (G2) RNA structure (Gl) Transcription in eukaryotes an overview (G5)... [Pg.147]

In this review we summarize the general architecture of DNA polymerases and the chemistry of the DNA polymerase and 3 -5 exonuclease activities (see also DNA replication). The ultimate function of DNA polymerases is the duplication of genetic material, and therefore, we also describe how Pol III functions at a replication fork. Lastly, we present a brief overview of the different repair reactions in which the remaining DNA polymerases act. [Pg.73]

Cell Division, Small Molecules to Study DNA Damage An Overview DNA Damage, Sensing of DNA Replication, an Overview... [Pg.167]

Enzyme Catalysis Roles of Structural Dynamics in Techniques to Study Enzyme Kinetics DNA Replication An Overview... [Pg.1890]

Figure 1 Overview of the different phases of the cell cycle. Quiescent cells are in GO phase and reenter the cell cycle at Gl during which cells prepare for DNA synthesis. After passing the restriction point in late Gl cells are committed to enter S phase, during which DNA replication occurs. Cells in G2 phase prepare for mitosis (M phase). Cell cycle progression is controlled by various positive and negative cell cycle regulatory proteins including cyclins (A, B, D, E) cyclin dependent kinases (cdk 1,2, 4, 6) cdk inhibitors (p15, p16, p18, p19, p21, p27, p57), retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53. Figure 1 Overview of the different phases of the cell cycle. Quiescent cells are in GO phase and reenter the cell cycle at Gl during which cells prepare for DNA synthesis. After passing the restriction point in late Gl cells are committed to enter S phase, during which DNA replication occurs. Cells in G2 phase prepare for mitosis (M phase). Cell cycle progression is controlled by various positive and negative cell cycle regulatory proteins including cyclins (A, B, D, E) cyclin dependent kinases (cdk 1,2, 4, 6) cdk inhibitors (p15, p16, p18, p19, p21, p27, p57), retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53.
DNA replication has been extensively studied in prokaryotes, especially in E. coli to which this text is restricted. In overview the mechanism is relatively simple although the enzymology is rather complex and attracts much research activity. DNA replication like transcription (Section 17.2) can be... [Pg.223]

This book is divided into two parts. The focus of Part One is on the chemical aspects of DNA damage, while the emphasis of Part Two is on the structural and functional relationships of DNA lesions, and their processing by the cellular machineries of repair, replication, and transcription. Chapter 1 in Part One is intended as a brief overview of the vast field of DNA damage, and introduces the reader to the relationships between the chemical and structural aspects of DNA damage, and some of the known biological endpoints and correlations with human disease. Ample references are provided with an emphasis on authoritative, recently published reviews to guide the interested reader. [Pg.466]

In order to understand how dmgs used to treat cancer work, an overview of DNA structure and replication and the process of protein synthesis is necessary. There follows a brief outline of these processes. [Pg.179]

See other pages where DNA replication overview is mentioned: [Pg.460]    [Pg.445]    [Pg.460]    [Pg.445]    [Pg.15]    [Pg.652]    [Pg.260]    [Pg.553]    [Pg.613]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.602]    [Pg.2338]    [Pg.223]    [Pg.223]    [Pg.149]    [Pg.342]    [Pg.155]    [Pg.331]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.51]    [Pg.83]    [Pg.152]    [Pg.321]    [Pg.456]    [Pg.265]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.513]    [Pg.1010]   


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