Divided spinning cell

Eysel and Bertie (1988) considered the absolute normalized Raman scattering cross section of the ring breathing vibration of liquid benzene at 992 cm a standard for the measurement of relative Raman scattering cross sections of a number of compounds. When applying it as standard they made use of a divided spinning cell , developed by Kiefer and Topp (1974). 

Most microscopic theories of adsorption and desorption are based on the lattice gas model. One assumes that the surface of a sohd can be divided into two-dimensional cells, labelled i, for which one introduces microscopic variables Hi = 1 or 0, depending on whether cell i is occupied by an adsorbed gas particle or not. (The connection with magnetic systems is made by a transformation to spin variables cr, = 2n, — 1.) In its simplest form a lattice gas model is restricted to the submonolayer regime and to gas-solid systems in which the surface structure and the adsorption sites do not change as a function of coverage. To introduce the dynamics of the system one writes down a model Hamiltonian which, for the simplest system of a one-component adsorbate with one adsorption site per unit cell, is... 

Epidermis can be divided into stratum basale (SB), stratum spin-osum (SS), stratum granulosum (SG), and stratum corneum (SC). The epidermal cell layers are interconnected by desmosomes.45,48 A cross section of the skin epidermis is shown in Fig. 2.4. 

In summary, the presence of natural rf oscillations by cells is confirmed (a) by the preference of (dividing) cells for accumulating particles of high DK over that for ones of low DK (b) by the predicted suppression of this by salt effect (c) by the predicted increase of this by poling (d) as we shall see, by cellular spin resonance " and (e) by direct detection. " ... 

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