Distortion peak-related

The analysis can be performed for several values of the relative peak height n, using the appropriate values of f(n) taken from Table I. Thus several estimates of Ed are obtained and either an average of them is calculated with its standard deviation, or provided a dependence of Ed on n is encountered, conclusions on the variability of Ed with coverage are drawn. As an alternative, only the half-widths of the peak are treated, as long as the experimental data are not distorted by some adjacent peak. Obviously, more information is obtained in such a case. The ratios of the half-widths taken at various values of n and compared with those given in Table I represent a criterion for the fit of the value of the desorption order. Since the estimates of Ed are free of contributions of fcd, the Tm relations can be used to estimate grossly the value of fcd, similarly as in Section V.C.2.b. 

On the other hand, lattice distortions of the second kind are considered. Assuming [127] that ID paracrystalline lattice distortions are described by a Gaussian normal distribution go (standard deviation ay, its Fourier transform Gd (.S ) = exp (—2n2ols2) describes the line broadening in reciprocal space. Utilizing the analytical mathematical relation for the scattering intensity of a ID paracrys-tal (cf. Sect. 8.7.3 and [127,128]), a relation for the integral breadth as a function of the peak position s can be derived [127,129]... 

A commonly used procedure for the determination of phosphate in seawater and estuarine waters uses the formation of the molybdenum blue complex at 35-40 °C in an autoanalyser and spectrophotometric evaluation of the resulting colour. Unfortunately, when applied to seawater samples, depending on the chloride content of the sample, peak distortion or even negative peaks occur which make it impossible to obtain reliable phosphate values (Fig. 2.7). This effect can be overcome by the replacement of the distilled water-wash solution used in such methods by a solution of sodium chloride of an appropriate concentration related to the chloride concentration of the sample. The chloride content of the wash solution need not be exactly equal to that of the sample. For chloride contents in the sample up to 18 000 mg/1 (i.e., seawater),... 

The peak distortion in CZE electrophoregrams by electromigration dispersion has been modelled and the peak centre was related by... 

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