Dissolved inorganic rates

Concentration and Molecular Weight Effects. The viscosity of aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) depends on the concentration of the polymer solute, the molecular weight, the solution temperature, concentration of dissolved inorganic salts, and the shear rate. Viscosity increases with concentration and this dependence becomes more pronounced with increasing molecular weight. This combined effect is shown in Figure 3, in which solution viscosity is presented as a function of concentration for various molecular weight polymers. 

When reactants of large molecular size, such as oleic acid, were reacted over an ion exchanger catalyst, a direct proportionality between the reaction rate and the surface area of the catalyst was found [433]. The authors explain the result by assuming that, for the bulky reactant molecules, only acid groups at or near the surface of the catalyst particle can be effective catalysts. The efficiency of the catalyst (the rate coefficient with the resin compared to the rate coefficient with the same stoichiometric amount of dissolved inorganic acid) was found to be considerably... 

Fig. 21. Hydrolysis of acetals at 20°C on a Dowex 50W X10 resin catalyst [513]. Rate coefficients of the resin-catalysed reaction (feres) versus rate coefficients of the reaction catalysed by dissolved inorganic acid (fehom)- 1 Formaldehyde dimethylacetal 2, formaldehyde diethylacetal 3, formaldehyde di-2-propylacetal 4, acetaldehyde ethyleneacetal 5, acetone ethyleneacetal 6, acetaldehyde dimethylacetal 7, acetaldehyde diethylacetal. The slope for acetals 1—3 is 1, for the acetals 3—7 0.5.

Figure 5.5 Nitrous oxide emission rates (mmol m-2 d-1) versus dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) loading (N m-2 d-1) in mesocosm experiments at the Marine Ecosystem Research Laboratory. (Modified from Seitzinger and Nixon, 1985.)...

The most actively cycled reservoir of carbon is atmospheric C02 (it constitutes 0.034% of the atmosphere). Carbon dioxide dissolves readily in water and is in direct equilibrium with dissolved inorganic forms of carbon (H2C03, HCO, and CO7-, see Section 6.2.1.3). Once there, it may precipitate as solid calcium carbonate (limestone). Corals and algae encourage this reaction and build up limestone reefs in the process, but a much larger portion in the deep sea equilibrates only at the slow rate of... 

Figure 33.15 The growth rate ofdiazotrophs as a function of temperature and dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentration in the Fennel et al. (2002) model. Reproduced from Fennel et al. (2002) with permission.

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