Dissolution in organic solvents

Dissolve SHPP (Thermo Fisher) in dry dioxane or DMSO at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. Prepare fresh. If sulfo-SHPP is used dissolution in organic solvent is unnecessary, although it may facilitate the addition of a small quantity to an aqueous reaction. 

The nitrogen content should be within the range 11.0-12.3% N, i.e. within such limits that ensure complete dissolution in organic solvents. For cheaper varnishes, in which ethyl alcohol is used as a solvent, nitrocellulose of lower nitrogen value, e.g. 10-10.5%, is used. Such a nitrogen content endows the product with complete solubility in ethyl alcohol. 

A water-soluble analog of EGS also is available commercially (Pierce). Sulfo-EGS contains negatively charged sulfonate groups on its NHS rings. The hydrophilicity of this modification provides water solubility to the compound so that prior dissolution in organic solvent is not necessary. 

A water-soluble analog to SMPB, sulfosuccinimidyl-4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyr-ate (sulfo-SMPB), contains a negatively charged sulfonate group that lends considerable hydrophilicity to the molecule (Pierce). Sulfo-SMPB may be added directly to aqueous reaction mixtures without prior dissolution in organic solvent. Concentrated stock solutions made in water should be dissolved quickly and used immediately to prevent hydrolysis of the NHS ester. 

POMs form by a self-assembly process, typically in an acidic aqueous solution and can be isolated as powder or crystals with counter-cations. Appropriate selection of counter-cations can control the solubility of POMs in various reaction media. For homogeneous system, alkylammonium cations, generally TBA, are selected as counter-cations of POM anions for the dissolution in organic solvents such as acetonitrile, DMF, DMSO and 1,2-dichloroethane. POMs with metal counter-cations such asNa +, K+,Rb+,Cs + and Ag + are not soluble in common organic solvents. 

Some organometallic derivatives containing Sb—Sb or Bi—Bi bonds exhibit drastic colour changes on melting or dissolution in organic solvents. A representative example is... 

One such chemical transformation is the catalytic hydrogenation of C=C bonds in the fatty acyl residues of unsaturated polar lipids [308,309], However, if we want to hydrogenate lipids within an intact membrane then the reaction has to be done in an aqueous environment, since on dissolution in organic solvents the membrane structure is lost. Certain lipids, including phosphatidyl cholines form vesicles (liposomes) in water upon dispersion by ultrasound, and such liposomes are often used in studies of the basic characteristics of membrane hydrogenations. 

Simple spherulites with polarization crosses can readily be found in intact cells from the corpus luteum of the ovary, in the adrenal cortex, and in certain abnormal lipoid deposits 39). The lipoid nature of these spherulites is confirmed by their dissolution in organic solvents though not necessarily by conventional histo- or cytochemical tests since integral lipoid usually fails to develop a color with oil-soluble dyes. In these situations, the liquid crystal is present as a relatively particulate component of a phase system containing various lipids or lipoproteins. In the cells of the corpus luteum and adrenal, steroids are present in the complex, probably as intermediates or end product in hormone synthesis since steroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes appropriate for this are present in the identical cells. 

The last step in the process of porous network preparation requires template removal. This is normally achieved by particle dissolution or combustion. In the case of polymer particle templates, both methods of dissolution in organic solvents (Hke toluene or THF) or pyrolysis (often at temperatures... 

---