Disrupting forces

However, during the formation of a filter cake, floes must be subject to considerable disruptive forces and large aggregates may not survive. Scanning electron micrographs of filter cakes formed after various periods of slow stirring have shown no obvious differences. 

Whenever the solute and solvent exhibit significant degrees of mutual attraction, deviations from the simple relationships will be observed. The properties of these nonideal solutions must be determined by the balance of attractive and disruptive forces. When a definite attraction can exist between the solute and solvent, the vapor pressure of each component is normally decreased. The overall vapor pressure of the system will then exhibit significant deviations from linearity in its concentration dependence, as is illustrated in Fig. 10B. 

The effect of polymorphism becomes especially critical on solubility since the rate of compound dissolution must also be dictated by the balance of attractive and disruptive forces existing at the crystal-solvent interface. A solid having a higher lattice free energy (i.e., a less stable polymorph) will tend to dissolve faster, since the release of a higher amount of stored lattice free energy will... 

Atomization generally refers to a process in which a bulk liquid is disintegrated into small drops or droplets by internal and/or external forces as a result of the interaction between the liquid (dispersed phase) and surrounding medium (continuous phase). The term dispersed phase represents the liquid to be atomized and the atomized drops/droplets, whereas the term continuous phase refers to the medium in which the atomization occurs or by which a liquid is atomized. The disintegration or breakup occurs when the disruptive forces exceed the liquid surface tension force. The consolidating... 

PARTICLE GROWTH DEPENDS UPON THE BALANCE BETWEEN THE BINDING AND DISRUPTIVE FORCES IN THE BED... 

Incorporation of powdered limestone in Dynamite-type expls (instead of NaCl or AN) increased their disruptive force and water-resistance during storage. Different types of limestones were compared, the optimal rype having a minimum of 85% CaC03, and a maximum of 6% Si02]... 

Figure 7-1 also indicates that the patterning and disrupting forces may have to continue to be present, perhaps in attenuated form, in order for this new state to be stable. The d-ASC may not have enough internal stabilization at first to hold up against internal or environmental change, and artificial props may be needed. For example, a person may at first have to be hypnotized in a very quiet, supportive environment in order to make the transition into hypnosis, but after he has been hypnotized a few times, the d-ASC is stable enough so that he can remain hypnotized under noisy, chaotic... 

Among other things, Don Juan tried to train Castaneda to stabilize the effects of the psychedelic drugs so that he could get into particular d-ASCs suited to particular kinds of tasks at various times. Thus, the addition of further psychological patterning forces to the primarily disruptive forces caused by psychedelic drugs enables development of d-ASCs with particularly interesting properties. 

The induction of a d-ASC involves the application of disrupting forces to the b-SoC to push one or more subsystems beyond their stable limits and/or to disrupt the feedback loops between subsystems that stabilize the b-SoC. when enough feedback loops have been disrupted... 

In general, when an external stress is applied such that the Weber number is sufficiently high, a droplet will break up into two or more smaller droplets. If flow is applied, the droplet will feel the flow around it, and this will deliver the external, disruptive force for break-up of the droplet. When the flow is laminar, we can have simple shear flow or extensional flow, or a combination of these two. 

When the turbulence is not too large, the main force on the droplets is caused by the shear imposed by the surrounding eddies. With the help of the Kolmogorov theory for turbulent flow, the external, disrupting force is can estimated as Text = V(e /c)- We then end up with a definition of the critical Weber number ... 

Assuming that the We, should be around one, the droplet size obtained can be estimated however, this is only an order-of-magnitude estimation. When the turbulence becomes very intense, the shear forces exerted by the eddies are not the dominant force anymore rather the inertia of the liquid impinging on the droplets become the disruptive force. With the help of the Bemouilli equation, we can estimate the external, disruptive force as ... 

---