Dispersing management

The added control over the characteristics of light that is imposed by the periodicity in a photonic crystal fiber has been found to permit other highly useful effects in addition to the above-noted potential for subsilica attenuations. Of particular note are the advantages relating to dispersion management and optical nonlinearity. 

Several modes of waste management are available. The simplest is to dilute and disperse. This practice is adequate for the release of small amounts of radioactive material to the atmosphere or to a large body of water. Noble gases and slightly contaminated water from reactor operation are eligible for such treatment. A second technique is to hold the material for decay. This is appHcable to radionucHdes of short half-life such as the medical isotope technetium-9 9m = 6 h), the concentration of which becomes negligible in a week s holding period. The third and most common approach to waste... 

Costing investment analysis Data acquisition Database management Data conversion Development tools Dispersion models Distillation Drafting... 

Hanna, S. R., Schulman, L. L., Paine, R. J., and Pleim, J. E., "User s Guide to the Offshore and Coastal Dispersion (OCD) Model," DOI/SW/MT-88/007a. Environmental Research Technology, Concord, MA for Minerals Management Service, Reston, VA, 1988. (NTIS Accession Number PB88-182 019.)... 

Hydroxyapatite produces a soft sludge that is not as sticky as tricalcium phosphate and can be more easily managed (dispersed) by a (polymeric) sludge conditioner. 

In the McCoy table of recommended concentrations of boiler salines, the guidelines for pressures from 100 to 900 psi apply to conventional field-erected boilers with moderate rates of heat transfer, say, 50,000 Btu/hr/ft2. At high rates characteristic of packaged boilers, large amounts of insoluble material cannot be managed effectively by any dispersant presently available. 

The effects of dispersion and birefringence on stellar interferometry will be discussed in Sections 17.2.3 and 17.2.4. New kind of fibres has been design to manage the dispersion properties using a silica / air structure. These fibres, so called Photonic Crystal Fibres, are very promising for many applications (Peyrilloux et al., 2002). 

Figure 3. Photonic Crystal Fibre (PCF). An air hole / silica arrangement allows to manage the dispersion properties.

One recent study addressed the response of a parasitoid to the host s spacing pheromone. Aphidius rhopalosiphi did not respond to the spacing pheromone of one host, the cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, which consists of 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one 16,6-methylhept-5-en-2-ol, tridecan-2-one and methyl salicylate. These compounds did not attract or repel the parasitoid. Because the aphid spacing pheromone can potentially be used to cause aphids to disperse, the failure of the parasitoid to respond to the spacing pheromone makes simultaneous use of the spacing pheromone and the parasitoid possible in aphid management [87]. 

The EPA Risk Management Plan (RMP) defines a worst-case scenario as the catastrophic release of the entire process inventory in a 10-min period (assumed to be a continuous release). The dispersion calculations must be completed assuming F stability and 1.5 m/s wind speed. As part of the RMP rule, each facility must determine the downwind distance to a toxic endpoint. These results must be reported to the EPA and to the surrounding community. 

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