Disintegrator angle

In the breakup regime, spray characteristics include film angle, film velocity and thickness, breakup length, breakup rate, surface wave frequency, wavelength, growth rate, and penetration distance. These quantities, however, are extremely difficult to measure on account of the very small size and rapidly changing features of disintegrating Hquid jets or films. 

Savignac, J. R., Fairhurst, C. W. Ryge, G. (1965). Strength, solubility and disintegration of zinc phosphate cement with clinically determined powder/liquid ratio. Angle Orthodontics, 35, 126-30. 

As ambient air pressure is increased, the mean droplet size increases 455 " 458] up to a maximum and then turns to decline with further increase in ambient air pressure. ] The initial rise in the mean droplet size with ambient pressure is attributed to the reduction of sheet breakup length and spray cone angle. The former leads to droplet formation from a thicker liquid sheet, and the latter results in an increase in the opportunity for droplet coalescence and a decrease in the relative velocity between droplets and ambient air due to rapid acceleration. At low pressures, these effects prevail. Since the mean droplet size is proportional to the square root of liquid sheet thickness and inversely proportional to the relative velocity, the initial rise in the mean droplet size can be readily explained. With increasing ambient pressure, its effect on spray cone angle diminishes, allowing disintegration forces become dominant. Consequently, the mean droplet size turns to decline. Since ambient air pressure is directly related to air density, most correlations include air density as a variable to facilitate applications. Some experiments 452] revealed that ambient air temperature has essentially no effect on the mean droplet size. 

The fuel emerged from the orifice as a conical liquid sheet and subsequently disintegrated into a conical spray. Delavan atomizers in three different sizes (nominal flow rates of 1, 2, and 5 gph), three different spray angles (45, 60, and 90 degrees) and with hollow cone spray patterns were investigated. Nominal fuel pressures considered were 50, 100, and 150 psig. 

When heated to 950° C. in an inert atmosphere,5 iron is disintegrated, emitting particles at right angles to its surface and assuming an etched appearance. 

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