Disease prevention cell signaling

Studies of cytokines, various kinases, etc., will clarify the complex area of cell signaling, which varies from cell adhesion to differentiation, and apoptosis. As progress continues, useful clinical methods will probably be developed whereby various age-related diseases can be controlled and/or prevented. 

GA, administered subcutaneously to patients with relapsing-remitting MS, decreased the rate of exacerbations by -30%. In vivo administration of GA induces highly cross-reactive CD4+ T cells that are immune-deviated to secrete Th2 cytokines and prevents the appearance of new lesions detectable by MRI. This represents one of the first successful uses of an agent that ameliorates autoimmune disease by altering signals through the T-ceU receptor complex. 

There is a considerable body of research that indicates that vitamin E has important antioxidant, or redox-modulatory, functions in cell membranes and other lipidic sites in the body, which include especially the prevention of pro-oxidant (including oxygen free radical) damage by peroxidation of the polyunsaturated lipids. Recent studies suggest that vitamin E also has cell-signaling functions. The different chemical forms of vitamin E have different metabolic fates, and may also have different functions from each other. However, the roles and significance of vitamin E in chronic human diseases have yet to be fully elucidated. 

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