Discharge cleaning methods

A conditioning method which is very effective for reducing particle desorption coefficients without resorting to high temperature bake-out is discharge cleaning (1, 31, 37) The... 

USP 5,051,135, Tanaka M., and Ichikawa, T., September 24, 1991, Cleaning Method Using a Solvent While Preventing Discharge of Solvent Vapors to the Environment. Assigned to... 

We see from the data presented that the adhesion of the oil is weakest for surfaces cleaned by a glow discharge, (The method... 

The Clean Water Act (1972) requires discharge limits to be set on industrial and municipal wastewater, and these analyses are outlined in the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System for the 600 Series Methods. Method 624 covers the analysis of purgeable organic compounds Method 625 covers the analysis of 81 bases, neutrals, and acids Method 613 describes the analysis of dioxins and furans. 

The differential capacitance method cannot be used for reactive metals, such as transition metals in aqueous solutions, on which the formation of a surface oxide occurs over a wide potential re ion. An immersion method was thus developed by Jakuszewski et al. 3 With this technique the current transient during the first contact of a freshly prepared electrode surface with the electrolyte is measured for various immersion potentials. The electrode surface must be absolutely clean and discharged prior to immersion.182-18 A modification of this method has been described by Sokolowski et al. The values of obtained by this method have been found to be in reasonable agreement with those obtained by other methods, although for reactive metals this may not be a sufficient condition for reliability. 

GC/ECD and GC/MS (EPA Method 608) are the methods recommended for determining a-endosulfan, (3-endosulfan, and endosulfan sulfate in municipal and industrial discharges (EPA 1991a). Sample clean-... 

Method 1. Prepare a solution of cuprous bromide by refluxing 31-5 g. of crystallised copper sulphate, 10 g. of clean copper turnings, 77 g. of crystallised sodium bromide, 15 g. (8-2 ml.) of concentrated sulphuric acid and 500 ml. of water contained in a 2 5 litre round-bottomed flask over a flame for 3-4 hoims until the solution acquires a yellowish colour if the blue coloim is not discharged, add a few grams of sodium bisulphite to complete the reduction. 

Sedimentation basins can be used to collect and store surface water flow and to settle suspended solid particles. Seepage basins and ditches can be used to discharge uncontaminated or treated water downgradient of the site. It is important to separate clean surface runoff from contaminated water and store and treat them separately. Table 16.4 summarizes the surface water control methods. 

Concentrate can be harmful to the environment due to either its higher than normal salinity, or due to pollutants that otherwise would not be present in the receiving body of water. These include chlorine and other biocides, heavy metals, antisealants, coagulants and cleaning chemicals. Of particular concern is the effect of pollutants on delicate ecosystems and endangered or threatened species. However, with appropriate measures in place, the discharge of concentrate to surface water can remain a viable method for seawater desalination plants. 

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