Dipole glass

Baranov, A.I. Anisimova, V.N. Khripunov, A.K Baklagina Y.G. (2003). Dielectric Properties and Dipole Glass Transition in Cellulose Acetobacter Xylinium Ferroelectrics, Vol.286, No.l, (n. d. 2003), pp. 141-151, ISSN 0015-0193 Biot, M. A. (1955). Theory of Elasticity and Consolidation for a Porous Anisotropic Solid. 

It is seen from Table 1.2 that the features in three upper rows are characteristic for dipole glasses and mixed ferro-glass phases (see Sect. 1.4), while the feature in the lowest row is intrinsic to relaxor ferroelectrics. The width of diffusive Curie region AT varies from AT 373 K for PMN to AT 313 K for completely disordered PST (see Fig. 1.13 [39]). One can see from Fig. 1.13, that AT decreases with increase of the degree of order so that for completely ordered material AT 0. We note here, that Smolenskii, who was the first to synthesize relaxor ferroelectrics [40] named these materials ferroelectrics with diffused phase transition. Their modern (and widely used) name relaxor ferroelectrics is attributed to their relaxation properties in upper row of Table 1.2. 

Vugmeister, B.E., GUnchuk, M.D. Dipole glass and ferroelectricity in random-site electric dipole systems. Rev. Mod. Phys. 62, 993-1026 (1990)... 

The comparison of Figs. 3.23 and 3.24 shows that the films thickness decrease reveals the features similar to those at the increase of distribution function width. This means that the decrease of film thickness may be considered as equivalent to the disordering of the system. The reason for that is that the fluctuations due to film thickness decrease have the same nature as those at the system disordering. In other words, in thinner films of relaxor ferroelectrics, the part of long range order decreases so that dipole glass state may appear in free-standing films. The complement state in such situation may be the electret-like one with remnant polarization induced by built-in field. Latter state is more profitable in the thinnest possible films with thickness less than some critical value. 

Advanced experimental methods (e.g. inelastic neutron scattering and hyper-Raman scattering) have been applied effectively to studies of ferroelectrics, and several new concepts (e.g. soft modes of lattice vibrations and the dipole glass) have been introduced to understand the nature of ferroelectrics. Ferroelectric crystals have been widely used in capacitors and piezoelectric devices. Steady developments in crystal growth and in the preparation of ceramics and ceramic thin... 

Bauer S, Bauer-Gogonea S, Ploss B, Ploss B (2005) Nonlinear dielectric response of poled amorphous polymer dipole glasses. J Non-Cryst Sol 351 2759—2763 Bauer-Gogonea S, Bauer S, Gerhard(-MuHhaupt) R (1999) Monomorphs, bimorphs, and multimorphs from polar polymer electrets. Braz J Phys 29 306-317 Broadhurst MG, Davis GT (1984) Physical basis for piezoelectricity in PVDF. Fenoelectrics 60 3-13... 

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