Acetobacter xylinium

Other commercial sources of cellulosic fibers include hemp, jute, flax (linen), and ramie. Wood fibers are used in papermaking and as a feedstock for rayon. Of these sources, cotton provides the purest cellulose. From an experimentalist s point of view, algae and even animals (the tunicates) are also interesting sources of cellulose. Bacteria such as Acetobacter xylinium make extracellular cellulose, but in higher plants and algae, cellulose occurs in the walls of individual cells. 

Davies, C., Ethanol oxidation by an Acetobacter xylinium microbial electrode, Ann. Microbiol. 1975, 126, 175-86... 

Baranov, A.I. Anisimova, V.N. Khripunov, A.K Baklagina Y.G. (2003). Dielectric Properties and Dipole Glass Transition in Cellulose Acetobacter Xylinium Ferroelectrics, Vol.286, No.l, (n. d. 2003), pp. 141-151, ISSN 0015-0193 Biot, M. A. (1955). Theory of Elasticity and Consolidation for a Porous Anisotropic Solid. 

Acetan is a bacterial polysaccharide secreted by Acetobacter xylinium... 

Both cellulose and chitin may be found in highly crystalline forms and, unfortunately for certain chemical applications, are almost invariably very difficult to dissolve without some chain degradation. Very crystalline cellulose samples have been obtained, for instance, from cotton, from an algae (Valonia), and from cultures of Acetobacter Xylinium. 

Isbell made use of this reaction to S3mthesise vitamin C from L-galactono-y-lactone. The latter was first converted into the 2-0x0 derivative (see p. 83). A commercial synthesis of ascorbic acid is also based on this isomerisation. Bertrand s sortose bacterium, Acetobacter xylinium, converts sorbitol to L-sorbose (XCI) and this on condensation with acetone yields the 2,3 4,5-di-O-isopropyhdene derivative (XCII). Oxidation and hydrolysis of this... 

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