Dipolar interactions coulombic

The short-range, semiordered water structure that surrounds ionic solutes and polar solutes as a consequence of dipolar and Coulombic interactions. 

Principally, short nongeminal C-H- - -H-C contacts (intramolecular and inter-molecular as well) can be found in many organic molecules, particularly when C-H bonds are slightly polarized. As we show below, the strength of H- - -H interaction decreases strongly with increasing H- - -H separation. On the basis of this correlation, a small polarization of C-H bonds does not provide H- - -H contacts smaller than 2 A [3]. Then, from a conservative point of view, the H- - -H interactions will be a continuous mix of coulombic and dipolar interactions. 

In this subsection we consider mixed crystals in the specific case of 3D WK interactions the coulombic dipolar interactions of Section I. The main approximation we made in Section IV.A, on the crystal substitutional disorder, will be illustrated with semiclassical pictures dipoles and fields. 

The problem is to discuss the generalized polarizability ae(1.49) with the matrix a 1 not commuting with that of the dipolar interactions, 0. To show that the pure retarded interactions may be discarded in the dynamics of mixed crystals, we assume here that the coulombic interactions are suppressed in (ft. The interaction tensor is then reduced to its retarded term (1.74). Then the dispersion is given by (1.35) ... 

The primary acceptors of the two plant photosystems differ fundamentally from each other, no doubt because of their different redox midpoint potentials (about -100 to -200 mV for PS II, -705 to -730 mV for PS I [R3-R5]). In PS I two iron-sulfur (ferredoxin-type) proteins, and Fg, with characteristic EPR spectrum in the reduced state ( m between -450 and -550 mV), have been observed (Fig. 2) that function either parallel or in series (see Ref. R5 for a recent review). The shape of the spectra of the two ferredoxin-type acceptors and in particular their principal g values depend on whether one or both acceptors are reduced (Fig. 2). It is unlikely that this is due to a magnetic interaction, as the differences depend linearly on the microwave frequency, i.e. on the applied magnetic field (exchange and dipolar interactions are independent of field Table 3) [16,42], Possibly, Coulomb repulsion causes strain-induced g shifts. 

Indeed, Coulombic interactions are important or even dominant in almost all biological. systems, such as proteins, DNA, or charged membranes. Dipolar interactions, on the other hand, play a proinineut role in phospholipid bilayers [222, 223], and they are always important because of the omnipresence of dipolar water molecules in biological tissues and electrolyte solutions. 

Many studies have indicated that there are structured water molecules adsorbed on many biologically relevant membrane surfaces although such molecular adsorption is not only due to the coulombic and dipolar interactions but also nonelectrostatic molecular interactions. The structured water on the membrane surface seems to play an important role in the stability of the membrane surface, or in membrane-membrane interactions. Recently,... 

Finally, there remain many physical problems and systems that have either not been addressed at all or are just beginning to be seriously attacked, from a liquid-state integral equation perspective. An incomplete list is as follows (1) Charged polymers, polyelectrolytes, and ionomers (strong dipolar interactions). The appropriate closure approximations and treatment of self-consistency in the presence of both hardcore forces and long-range Coulombic interactions are major unsolved... 

Generally room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) consist mostly of ions [1]. In these liquids the Coulomb interaction plays a major role, in contrast to the situation in ordinary molecular liquids where only dipolar and... 

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