Diphoterine® solutions treatment

The rats were randomly divided into three different treatment groups of five animals each (plus one of burned but untreated controls), and then treated for 30 s with a continuous flow (50 mL/ min) of 0.9 % saline solution, calcium gluconate, or DIPHOTERINE solution. Blood samples were taken 6 h, 48 h, and 7 days after the chemical bums to evaluate ... 

The first was a study of 45 cases of sodium hydroxide or other strong bases (pH =14 or greater) in a German facility that produces aluminum oxide and aluminum hydroxide. A comparison was made between skin splash decontamination with water, acetic acid solution, and DIPHOTERINE solution. There was a significant reduction in lost work time with DIPHOTERINE solution decontamination as compared with the other two rinsing solutions, and no further treatment was required when DIPHOTERINE solution was utilized [249]. 

An epidemiological study of 145 eye/skin splashes with a variety of chemical substances including acids, alkalis, oxidants, solvents, and glues self-reported by occupational physicians was conducted by the French INRS (Institut National de Recherche et de Security, or National Institute for Research and Safety) [250-252]. DIPHOTERINE solution was found to be efficacious for decontamination of acids and alkali eye/ skin splashes, and its combination with water washing did not improve efficacy [253, 254]. Outcome endpoints such as severity of chemical injury, lost work time, and requirement for treatment other than initial decontamination were all improved when DIPHOTERINE solution was utifized as the initial washing solution [250-252]. 

For DIPHOTERINE solution, this Swedish Institute wrote The number of studies related to DIPHOTERINE is limited but a seemingly well-done study with systematic assessment of both exposure and health outcomes compares the results from initial treatments with water with that of DIPHOTERINE. The result clearly shows that DIPHOTERINE, at the surveyed workplaces, in comparison with water reduced the number of injuries in total, and also reduce the number with severe chemical bums. With the support from experimental studies and case reports, there is support for the positive effects of DIPHOTERINE for personal decontamination of strong acids and bases. ... 

Due to this treatment with DIPHOTERINE solution, we believe that a lot of patients may be treated ambulatory as it is the situation in our bum center (Fig. 4.84). 

Fig. 6.2 Healthy corneal stroma, aqueous fluid, and corneal stroma osmolalities after prolonged 16 day treatment with phosphate buffer (Isogutt ), saline solution, and Diphoterine ...

Thus with Diphoterine and Dimercaprol, there is a considerable improvement of the physiological capacity of chemical decontamination. By this, the use of polyvalent solutions in first aid offers a considerable advantage as the best currently available treatments. 

Finally, there is a case where the injured has not been administered care before arrival at the hospital, which may be several hours after the accident. If the symptoms unfortunately appeared and progressed, it is absolutely necessary to stop the action of the chemical before initiating treatment. Polyvalent active solutions, such as Diphoterine , are the most effective solutions to stop the chemical, avoid aggravation, and consider secondary therapy under the best possible conditions. 

So, washing with water was a major improvement over non-washing. The use of DIPHOTERINE and HEXAFLUORINE solutions allows further treatment improvement over washing with water only. It therefore reduces the likelihood of injury due to chemical skin exposure. An amphoteric/chelating agent is able to stop or limit, as described in Chap. 3, the reactivity of chemicals such as acids, bases, oxidizers, reducers, chelating agents, and solvents. This property avoids or limits the skin lesions which result in chemical lesion injuries. 

---