Dilute phenol

Mercuric chloride has a concentration exponent of 1 thus, the activity will be reduced by the power of 1 on dilution, and a threefold dilution means the disinfectant activity will be reduced by the value 3 or 3, that is to a third. Put another way the disinfection time will be three times as long. In the case of phenol, however, with a concentration exponent of 6, a threefold dilution will mean a decrease in activity of 3 = 729, a figure 243 times the value for mercuric chloride. This explains why phenols may be rapidly inactivated by dilution and should sound a warning bell regarding claims for diluted phenol solutions based on data obtained at high concentrations. 

Effects reported in humans following dermal exposure to phenol include liver damage, diarrhea, dark urine, and red blood cell destruction. Skin exposure to a relatively small amount of concentrated phenol has resulted in the death of humans. Small amounts of phenol applied to the skin of animals for brief periods can produce blisters and burns on the exposed surface, and spilling dilute phenol solutions on large portions of the body (greater than 25% of the body surface) can result in death. 

The two people were exposed to the same chemical, phenol, but one was more concentrated than the other. Concentration makes a difference to the speed and extent of a chemical reaction. The chemical worker had been hit by a very concentrated solution of phenol and Lister by a fine spray of dilute phenol solution. 

The same quantity of solution is needed to treat the upper eyelids. An assistant should be present whose sole duty is to mop up any tears as soon as they appear to prevent any diluted phenol dripping onto the face or going up into the conjunctivae by capillarity. A fresh cotton pad should be used for each tear. 

Carbonate buffer soln mL Dilute Phenol soln mL Phenol cone pg/10 mL Carbonate buffer soln mL Dilute Phenol soln mL Phenol cone ig/10 mL... 

Use a few mL of the most dilute phenol standard to rinse out another Pyrex cell. If you have a series of solutions to measure, it is good technique to measure the lowest concentration first, so that if a small drop remains in the cell, it is overcome by the addition of the more concentrated solution. 

Phenol and Ammonia Recovery. Finally, the closely related passive and fa-cilitated-transport processes for phenol and ammonia recovery should be mentioned. In these processes, dilute phenol or ammonia feed solutions are contacted with a liquid membrane in which they are freely soluble. They dissolve in the membrane, diffusing to the product side where they are removed by neutralizing with a base (in the case of phenol) or an acid (in the case of ammonia). Although the transport mechanism does not involve a carrier and these are, therefore, passive transport processes, the actual process is quite similar, and Li et al25 published the details of these separations using emulsion membrane technique. 

O-H phenols, dilute phenol in CQ4 O-H from primary alcdiols as (—CH2—OH)... 

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