Diffusion systems maximum sensitivity

Gas-liquid-biosolid Bubble-free membrane gassing gas diffuses into the media without bubbles. Used for shear-sensitive animal cell cultures (ex insect cells) and for systems containing serum that are prone to foaming. Use 10 to 25 m /rrf for volume < 150 L. Enzyme membrane reactor Power 10 kW/m maximum volume 0.5 m . Membrane allows diffusion of gas into the liquid without having to use bubbles. 

The Molecular Beam Machine and the Detection System. The second component of the real-time MPI experiments is a molecular supersonic beam machine [116] with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS), allowing the detection of ionized molecules and clusters with high sensitivity. A side elevation is shown in Fig. 2.17. The production of the molecular beam and the interaction of the laser pulse trains with the molecular beam are performed in a differentially pumped vacuum apparatus consisting of two separate chambers, which are briefly described in the following two paragraphs. A more detailed sketch of the two-chamber system is presented in Fig. 2.18. The production sub-chamber (oven chamber) is pumped by a 3000 /s oil diffusion pump (Balzers) with a baffle at the flange to the oven chamber to allow a pressure in the chamber of less then 10 mbar. During the experiments the pressure is typically 5 x 10 to 3 x 10 bar. In the second chamber a maximum pressure of 10 mbar is established by a 2200 /s turbomolecular pump (Balzers). 

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