Diethyl ether flash point

PYROXYLIN (9004-70-0) C H, (0N02)40 (C,2Hj4N.022) The dry material (usually resulting from evaporation) is shock-sensitive explosive that can deflarate spontaneously. Do not allow material to becomes dry. The dry material is often wetted with water, amyl acetate denatured edianol, ethanol, isopropanol, eflianol-diethyl ether solution or 1-butanol [explosion limits in air (vol %) 1.9 to 36.0 (diethyl ether) flash point <-0°F/<-18°C (dry) 9°FM5°C (diethyl ether) - autoignition temp 356°F/180°C (diethyl... 

Compounds with low flash points (below room temperature). Examples are acetaldehyde, acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, carbon disulfide, cyclohexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and -hexane. 

Diethyl ether Flammable, flash point = -40°C Methyl t-butyl ether... 

Solubility Slightly soluble in water (152 mg/L at 20 °C) (ECETOC, 1986) and chloroform miscible with diethyl ether and ethanol (Lide Milne, 1996) (g) Volatility Vapour pressure, 1.28 kPa at 25 °C (Lide Milne, 1996) relative vapour density (air = 1), 3.7 (Verschueren, 1996) flash-point (closed-cup), 15 °C (Coty et al., 1987)... 

The solvents in the black category are there for a number of reasons pentane and diethyl ether because of their low flash points the chlorinated solvents, pyridine and benzene because they are carcinogens and the polar aprotic solvents dimethylamine (DMA), A,A-dimethylformamide (DMF) and A-methyl pyrolidin-2-one (NMP) because they are toxic. Alternatives for many of these are readily available in most laboratories and some of them are listed in Table 1.8. 

Some of the most widely studied organic reactions at this time are palladium catalysed carbon-carbon cross coupling reactions, which have been extensively investigated in water. For example, palladium catalysed Suzuki reactions can be performed in water in the presence of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG). It should be noted that the PEG may be playing the role of a surfactant (PTC) and/or a support for the metal catalyst in water. Interestingly, in this example, no phosphine is needed and the products are easily separated and the catalyst phase reused. Unfortunately, diethyl ether was used to extract the product and as this solvent is hazardous (low flash point and potential peroxide formation), the overall process would be greener if an alternative solvent could be used. 

Diethyl ether (bp 35°) is the most commonly used solvent in spite of its low boiling point, low flash point, and ease of forming peroxides, a property shared by all ethers. For extracting aqueous solutions, U.S.P. ether, which contains a few per cent of alcohol and water, is usually quire satisfactory. However, for most reactions, anhydrous ether is required. The U.S.P. ether may be fairly well dried by heating to reflux with sodium wire overnight. Ether purified in this fashion is also useful in extracting compounds which have a boiling point close to that of ethanol or which may react with ethanol, since this is present in the U.S.P. ether. It may be noted that anhydrous ether is also commercially available. 

Safety issues are directly related to the solvent s flash point [6,16]. From this point of view, diethyl ether is the worst choice for a solvent (Table 1). Most industrial Grignard... 

Diethyl ether Low flash point Methyl (-butyl ether... 

The next simplest ether is actually the one most commonly referred to as "ether". It is diethyl ether, whose molecular formula is C H.OC H, sometimes written as (C H-l O. This ether is the compound that was widely used as an anesthetic in many hospitals. One of the hazards of all ethers, and particularly diethyl ether because of its widespread use, is that once ethers have been exposed to air, they possess the unique capability of adding an oxygen atom to their structure and converting into a dangerously unstable and explosive organic peroxide. The peroxide-forming hazard aside, diethyl ether has a flash point of -56°F and an ignition temperature of 356 F. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with the characteristic ether odor. In addition to its use as an anesthetic, it is useful in the synthesis of many other chemicals, but it is an extremely hazardous material. 

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