Dichotomic branching

In the present study the bronchial morphometry of Yeh and Schum (1980) is utilized instead of the Weibel model. This is a more accurate description of the bronchial airway lengths, diameters and branching pattern. It does not assume dichotomous branching and therefore does not suffer from the problem of the artificially high surface area leading to low alpha dose in the more distal airways common to other models of the human airways. 

Small plants with whorled cuneate leaves with dichotomously branched veins secondary growth.Order Sphenophyllales... 

A Leaves dichotomously branched in one plane leaves sterile or fertile fertile leaves with each ultimate dichotomy terminating... 

Figure 8.5 (A) Schematic representation of the dichotomous branching network. (B) Cross sections at each level. (C) Single tube with continuously increasing radius. (D) Volume-preserving transformation of the varying radius tube to a fixed radius tube. Reprinted from [328] with permission from Springer.

Family IV.—Mycobacteriaceae.—Cells short or long cylindrical or clavate-cuneate in form, without a sheath surrounding the chains of individuals, without endospores, with true dichotomous branching. 

Rupp, L.A., Mudge, K.W., Negm, F.B., 1989b. Involvement of ethylene in ectomycorrhiza formation and dichotomous branching of roots of mugo pine seedlings. Can. J. Bot. 67, 477 82. 

Diameters of dichotomous branching vessel segments of the vasculature obey Murray s law ... 

The number of airways in each generation is based on regular dichotomous branching. Numbers refer to last generation in each group. 

Fig. 2. Pattern selection on a hemisphere (approximating the growing tip of a plant). Surface spherical harmonics for index Z=3 (A) m = 2 (B) m=0 (C) equal mix of (A) and (B) produces a dichotomous branch pattern. Linear analysis predicts (A) and (B) patterns would grow equally, therefore always producing (C). Plant development shows both (B) and (C) patterns. Simulation and nonlinear analysis show that the full RD dynamics (Brusselator model) do have the capacity to produce both (B) and (C) patterns. From Holloway Harrison (2008), with permission.

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