Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane environment

Saka, M. Developmental toxicity of p.p -dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, their metabolites, and benzo[a]pyrene in Ae/ opus7aewsembryos. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23(4) 1065-1073, 2004. 

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is no longer being used in large amounts because of its persistence in the environment, although for many uses there were no good substitutes available. DDT was first made in 1874 but its insecticidal properties were not discovered until 1939. 

Y3fiez L, Ortiz-P6res D, Batres LE, Borja-Aburto VH, Diaz-Barriga F (2002a) Levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and deltamethrin in humans and environmental samples in malarious areas of Mexico. Environ Res, 88 174-181. 

Structure of DDT. DDT is DichloroDiphenylTrichloroethane, or l,l,l-trichloro-2,2-bis-(/ -chlorophenyl)ethane. DDT was the first chlorinated insecticide. Its use rendered large parts of the world safe from insect-borne disease and starvation, but it has accumulated in the environment. 

DDT (Figure 20.7) is short for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, an old name for l,l-di(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane. It is a chlorinated hydrocarbon that has had widespread success in controlling mosquitoes and preventing thousands of deaths from malaria. The insecticide is not easily decomposed in the environment, however, and finds its way into the food chain of higher animals, with harmful results. For this reason, its use has been banned in the United States, and substitute insecticides are being used. 

Determination of traces of organic compounds has become especially important, as many of those species have been introduced into the environment in an uncontrolled way. Sometimes those substances were used because of their special positive activity, but harmful effects became obvious later. A known example is the insecticide DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), which does not decompose rapidly in nature but accumulates dangerously in many organisms. Among other active species formed in many industrial processes are polycychc hydrocarbons and dioxins (chlorinated derivatives of dibenzodioxins), both highly toxic species that are now present in nearly all environmental media. Determination of individual species is difficult because they are accompanied by numerous compounds of similar stmcture (congeners, isomers, homologs) and closely related chemical properties. 

DDT, the abbreviation for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is a pesticide once called miraculous by Winston Churchill because of the many lives it saved by killing diseasecarrying mosquitoes. DDT use is now banned in the United States and many developed countries because it is a nonspecific insecticide that persists in the environment. 

Lindqvist, R. and C.G Enfield. 1992. Biosorption of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorobenzene in groundwater and its implications for facilitated transport. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58 2211-2218. 

In general, insecticides can be grouped according to whether they are persistent (i.e., long lasting) or nonpersistent (i.e., they break down quickly in the environment into relatively harmless compounds). DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is probably the best-known persistent insecticide. Even though it is actually less potent than many other insecticides on the market, DDT lasts for years in the environment and becomes more concentrated in the tissues of animals as it works its way up the food chain. 

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), DDT is a potential endocrine disrupter even at ng-L-1 levels. It is forbidden as a kind of pesticides from 1980s. While DDT is found in a higher concentration from the lake, river and the atmosphere, water, sediment, soil. It has been detected in many aquatic systems, from the Arctic Antarctic marine mammals to the birds, in the people s milk for human consumption, fish and so on. This raises serious problems in aquatic organisms and animals. Due to their harmful effects on the environment and biological body and the difficulty to degradation by the common treatment methods, it s important to use a suitable adsorbent to remove it activated carbon fiber and nanofiber are good adsorbent to eliminate it [173]. 

As microplastics move through the environment they can sorb and transport other contaminants. Plastic debris scooped from the ocean has contained polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at concentrations up to 5 parts per million and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) at approximately 7 PPM, for example [145-147]. Of particular concern are persistent, bioac-cumulative, and toxic (PBT) compounds that would tend to partition into a plastic matrix due to their hydrophobicity the logical inference is fhaf floaf-ing microplastics could transport PBT compounds through the environment and that perhaps the PBT compounds would enter the food chain as organisms ingested fhe plastic fragments. 

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