5.5- dichloro bipyridyl

Examples include luminescence from anthracene crystals subjected to alternating electric current (159), luminescence from electron recombination with the carbazole free radical produced by photolysis of potassium carba2ole in a fro2en glass matrix (160), reactions of free radicals with solvated electrons (155), and reduction of mtheiiium(III)tris(bipyridyl) with the hydrated electron (161). Other examples include the oxidation of aromatic radical anions with such oxidants as chlorine or ben2oyl peroxide (162,163), and the reduction of 9,10-dichloro-9,10-diphenyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene with the 9,10-diphenylanthracene radical anion (162,164). Many other examples of electron-transfer chemiluminescence have been reported (156,165). 

Platinum, dibromobis(thiophane)-isomerization, 1, 468 Platinum, dichloro(2,2 -bipyridyl)-reactions... 

The polystyrene-pendant Ru(bpy) + complex has been likewise obtained by the reaction of dichloro-bis(2,2 -bipyridyl-Ru(II)) complex with bipyridylated polystyrene [16] (Fig. 8). 

Kummer and Koster62 were the first to mention a silylene complex in organometallic synthesis. Treatment of hexachlorodisilane with 2,2 -bipyridyl resulted in a stable 1 2 adduct, which was interpreted as a dichloro-silylene coordinated to two bipyridyl molecules. However, because of the restricted possibilities at that time, no further experimental or spectroscopic... 

Substituted benzylideneanilines form molecular complexes187 with 106 and with 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-p-benzoquinone (110) (chloranilic acid). These complexes were investigated by IR and 111 NMR. The complexes between benzylideneanilines and 106 are CT complexes (111), while complexes with 110 are formed through electron and proton transfer187, as illustrated in 112. In 111, a refers lo n -> jr interaction and b is a jr -> jr interaction, sp2 N-atoms of some heterocyclic imines (such as 2,2 -bipyridyl, 1,10-phenantroline) are also n-donors towards acceptors (tetracyanoethylene, p-benzoquinone, chloranil)188. 

Electrocatalytic reductive coupling of aryl chlorides to afford biphenyls can be accomplished with dichloro(l,2-bis(di-propylphosphino)benzene)nickel(II) in yields as high as 96% with 2 mol % of the catalyst in polar, coordinating solvents (55). Similar couplings can also be achieved with nickel-2,2 -bipyridyl and Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 as catalysts (56, 57). Indirect electrochemical reduction of vicinal dibromides to alkenes occurs efficiently with iron and cobalt porphyrins as mediators (58). Vitamin B12 is a mediator for the indirect electrochemical reduction of a-halo acids (59). 

In studies of the dynamics of protein oligomerization in the context of investigations exploring amyloidoses, i.e. diseases including Alzheimer s disease, ruthe-nium(II) complexes are used [52, 55]. To this end, tris(2,2 -bipyridyl)dichloro-ruthenium(II), Ru(II)bpy3Cl2 (see Chart 8.8), and ammonium persulfate, (NH4)2S20g, are homogeneously dispersed in an aqueous protein solution. 

Chart 8.8 Structure of tris(2,2 -bipyridyl)dichloro ruthenium ll), Ru ll)bpy3Cl2. 

CiftHft2Al7N7, Hepta-M3 inethylimido-heptakis(methylaluminum), 42B, 583 C15H15Cl2lnN202, Dichloro(acetylacetonato)-2,2 -bipyridyl-indium(lll), 40B, 976... 

CiftHi8Cl2N2Sn, 2,2 -Bipyridyl-dichloro-diethyltin, 46B, 743 ClftHi808Ru2Sn2, Bis(tetracarbonyKtrimethylstannio)ruthenium)(Ru-Ru), 41B, 801... 

CftnHsgCr2Ni,05 C7H8, Tetrakis(m"N-2,6-xylyl-acetamidato)-tetrahyd-rofuran-dichromium toluene solvate, 46B, 1197 Ci,i,H6oC1i,Cu2Ni,Oi2 2 H2O, Bis[(2,2 -bipyridyl-6,6 -diyl)(2,5,8,11,-14,17-hexaoxaoctadeca-1,l8-diyl)(dichloro-copper(II)-N,N, 0)] dihydrate, 46B, 1197... 

Alkynes are coupled with 2-biaryl, 2-heteroarylphenyl, or 2-alkenylphenyl Grignard reagents to give phenanthrenes (Scheme 4-282), naphtho[6]heteroarenes, or naphthalenes, respectively. This [4+2] benzannulation is catalyzed by tris(acetyl-acetonato)iron in the presence of 4,4 -di-terr-butyl-2,2 bipyridyl (dtby) as a ligand and 1,2-dichloro-2-methylpropane as an oxidant. ... 

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