Diagnostic imaging, safety

First, better smart and multifunctional orthopedic nanomaterials with more capabilities are expected. In the near future, nanomaterial platforms are expected that integrate diagnostic, imaging or monitoring, therapeutic, and tissue regenerative abilities and can be minimal-invasively deployed or administrated. Such nanomaterial systems would complete several tasks that are currently performed individually by different materials or devices with better efficacy and safety. In addition, as implied by the example of a smart hip implant in Section 8.1.1, rapid development of N/MEMS may also contribute to the emergence of novel orthopedic implants based on such novel nanomaterials. 

A retrospective review of 1633 propofol procedural sedation records administered by paediatric hospitalists for diagnostic imaging in children between January 2005 and September 2009 were reviewed [73. The safety and efficacy of propofol procedural sedation by non-anaesthesiologists is again confirmed with a 99% case completion rate and low incidence of adverse events reported. 

The safety of gadodiamide-enhanced MRI in staging suspected or recurrent soft tissue tumors of the head and neck has been investigated in 48 patients (aged 37-86) (18). There was only one adverse event, moderate thirst. The authors concluded that the use of gadodiamide for MRI contrast-enhanced examination of the head and neck is safe and provides more diagnostic information than unenhanced images. 

Kehagias DT, Gouliamos AD, Smyrniotis V, Vlahos LJ. Diagnostic efficacy and safety of MRI of the liver with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SH U 555 A). J Magn Reson Imaging 2001 14(5) 595-601. 

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