Diacrylic acid

Synthesis of dithieno[2,3-A2,3-,7]thiophene derivatives 122 has been accomplished through the Heck reaction of 3-(4-bromo-2-thienyl)acrylic acid 302 to afford 3-(2,4-thienylene)diacrylic acid 303 which was cyclized with thionyl chloride and a catalytic amount of pyridine to the dichloride 120 in 75% yield (Scheme 56) <2005MOL279>. 

Tazuke, Ikeda, and their co-workers [53,54] were the first to use phenylene-diacrylate (PDA) as a mesogen and chromophore to explore the possibility of forming two-dimensionally reinforced polymer materials by photochemical cross-linking of a thermotropic LC polymer. Polyesters, 23, of para-phenylene-diacrylic acid and several diols were synthesized and found to exhibit LC behavior upon annealing above Tg. Polymer 23a exhibited [53] the texture of a N meso-... 

The fact that isomeric compounds 1,4-bis (p-pyridy 1-3-vinyl) benzene and 1,4-bis (p-pyridyl-4-vinyl) benzene failed to photopolymerize under the same conditions indicates the importance of the topochemical arrangement of the double bonds. This was studied by x-ray analysis of the crystals. Topochemistry has been shown to be important in the case of the dimerization of substituted cinnamic acids 25>. -Phenylene-diacrylic acid and its esters photopolymerize to yield polyesters containing cyclobutane units 26>. 

Table 17. Cholesteric poly(esterimide)s derived from phenylene diacrylic acid and 4-ami-nobenzoic trimellitimide...

Acrylic acid, 2,3-epoxypropyl ester. See Glycidyl acrylate Acidic acid 2-ethoxyeAanol diester. See Diethylene glycol diacrylate Acidic acid, ethyl ester. See Ethyl acrylate Acidic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester. See Oclyl acrylate Acrylic acid, glacial. See Acrylic acid... 

Acrylic acid, tetramethylene ester. See 1,4-Bulylene glycol diacrylate Acidic acid, tridecyl ester. See Tridecyl acrylate Acidic acid vinyl ester. See Vinyl acrylate Aci ic/acrylate copolymer. SeeAcrylates copolymer... 

H2C=CH-C00-CH2-CH2-C00H (diacrylic acid) H2C=CH-C00-CH2-CH2-C00-CH2-CH2-C00H (triacryhc acid)... 

Acetylene Glycol Ethyleneglycol diacrylic acid ester [455]... 

Benzothiazole Condensation. Osaheni and Jenekhe [909] synthesized a benzobisthiazole PPV derivative by condensation of diacrylic acid with 2,5-diamino-l,4-benzenethiol (Fig. 70). 

A different approach has been used by Osaheni and Jenekhe [40] to synthesize a heterocyclic PPV derivative. Condensation of diacrylic acid with 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenedithiol produced a benzobisthiazolevinyl-ene-PPV copolymer (Scheme 6). The red fluorescent polymer was soluble in a nitromethane-GaCl3 solvent mixture and could be cast into good quality films. 

Another family of diolefins in which a similar reaction was observed is that of phenylene diacrylic acid 2 and its derivatives. These also undergo lattice-controlled polymerization, and the very close relationship between the packing of the diacrylic acids, cinnamic acid, and DSP is shown in Figure 6.1. 

Suzuki, R, Suzuki, Y, Nakanishi, H., and Hasegawa, M., Four-center photopolymerization in the solid state polymerization of phenylene diacrylic acid and its derivatives, J. Polym. ScL, Al, 2319, 1969. 

Nakanishi, H., Ueno, K., and Sasada, Y, The crystal and molecular structure of /7-phenylene diacrylic acid diethyl ester, Acta Cryst., B34, 2209, 1978. 

Synthesis.—The reactions of thiophen-2- and 3-acrylic acid with thionyl chloride in the presence of pyridine yield a mixture of chlorinated derivatives of thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-carboxylic acid and thieno[2,3-b]-thiophen-2-acrylic acid. From thiophen-2,5-diacrylic acid, (241) was obtained. Aromatization of (66) gives thieno[2,3-b]thiophens. Reaction of (242) with methyl thioglycolate yielded (243)." Ethylthiophen was... 

An SPE composed of a three-dimensional crosslinked compound, using a diacrylic acid ester compound and/or a dimethacrylic acid ester compound, was reported for use in electrochemical devices. Nanocomposite SPE films composed of PEO, lithium triflate (LiCEgSOs) and Si02 nanofiller (15 nm in size) were prepared by using the solution-cast method. At room temperature, PEO-LiCFsSOs (88 12 w/w) showed a high ionic conductivity of about 1.28 x 10 S/cm. 

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