Development-induced displacement

Forced migration is typically conceived of as an evil (Penz 1997 37), as something that ought morally to be avoided, but are there circumstances when it might be justifiable This is a question that is obviously relevant to scholars of deportation, as states often claim that expulsion (particularly of convicted non-citizen criminals) increases public security (Gibney 2013b). But the matter has received most attention by way of discussions of development induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR). 

Drydyk, J. (1999) Development-Induced Displacement and John Rawl s "General Conception" of Justice. Project Report. CIDA-SICI Partnership Project II. <>. 

Penz, P. (1997) The Ethics of Development-Induced Displacement. Refuge, 16(3) 38-41. 

Finally, people maybe forced to leave their homes because authorities or private actors implement development projects such as mines, dams, airports, and upgrading of urban areas or decide to protect forests and other natural habitats from human intrusion. Such decisions result in internal displacement where companies or authorities feil to relocate affected people and communities in accordance with international standards or do not properly compensate them. While information about the number of persons affected by projects funded by development banks are available, knowledge about development induced displacement outside this context remains scarce. 

Downing, T. E. (1996) Mitigating Social Impoverishment when People Are Involuntarily Displaced. Pp. 33-48 in C. McDowell (ed.). Understanding Impoverishment The Consequences of Development-Induced Displacement. Oxford Berghalm. 

McDowell, C. (ed.) (1996) Understanding Impoverishment The Consequences of Development-Induced Displacement Oxford Berghalm. 

Petterson, B. (2002) Development-Induced Displacement Internal Affair or International Human Rights Issue Forced Migration Review 12 16-20. 

Robinson, C. (2003) Risks and Rights The Causes, Consequences and Challenges of Development-Induced Displacement. Washington, DC The Brookings Institution. 

Fernandes, W. (2007) Development-Induced Displacement The Class and Gender Perspective. Paper presented at the International Conference on The Emerging Woman in the Indian Economy. Christ College, Bangalore. 26-7 November. 

Fernandes, W., Chhetri, S., Joseph, S., and Lama, S. (2006) Development-Induced Displacement and Deprivation in West Bengal 1947-2000 A Quantitative and Qualitative Database on its Extent and Impact. GuwahatL North Eastern Social Research Centre (mimeo). 

See McDowell (this volume) regarding development induced displacement in the context of China. 

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