Detoxification contaminated areas

STANDARD METHOD OF DECONTAMINATION (DETOXIFICATION) If it was not necessary to determine the influence of time between contamination and decontamination on the decontamination efficiency (significantly decreasing in time), the decontamination was provided uniformly 2 min after the animal had been intoxicated. The whole prior sheared area (i.e. 15 sq.cm) was treated ... 

Processing steps after harvesting may be carried out simultaneously in the same production area provided that adequate precautions are taken to prevent cross-contamination. For killed vaccines and toxoids, such parallel processing should only be performed after inactivation of the culture or after detoxification. 

Reductive biotransformation of a contaminant can occur when the contaminant serves as the terminal electron acceptor. Many contaminants that are recalcitrant to bio-oxidation will undergo reductive biotransformations. These biotransformations can lead to detoxification, mineralization, or changes in the mobility of the targeted contaminant. Hexavalent chromium and tetra-chloroethene (PCE) have been investigated as candidates for reductive biotransformation. This technology may be most applicable for in situ remediation for the following scenarios PCE contamination, low-yield aquifers, areas contaminated by both alkylbenzenes and chlorinated ethenes, and deep aquifer contamination. 

One such possibility consists in the acceleration of contaminant hydrolysis. Hydrolytic detoxification in an alkaline medium is known to be several orders of magnitude faster than that in a neutral medium. Therefore, one can cover underwater places of contaminant burial with any solid alkaline reagent, which will create an alkaline medium in the zone of the contaminant s location. Requirements for such a reagent are rather simple. It should be very poorly soluble in sea water, have a considerable specific surface area (no less than 50 m /g), display clearly defined alkaline properties and be a nontoxic, low-priced, and easily available substance. I believe that chemists-technologists working in the fields of silicate industry, metallurgy, and absorption processes already understand that a wide variety of well-known materials, including some industrial wastes, comply with the above requirements. 

The Bay environment includes many fresh, brackish and salt water marshes and tidal flats which cover an area of approximately 1,700 square kilometers. These marshes are present along both the Eastern and Western Shores of the Chesapeake Bay and constitute an important component of the Bay ecosystem, in part because they are highly reactive environments and may play an important role in removing pesticides before they reach the main estuary. If these removal processes result in the detoxification of contaminants, they might be considered for use in treating agricultural runoff. 

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