Determination of Surface Charge

There are a number of experimental methods to measure particle charge, but most, if not all of them, fall into one of two categories those based on electrophoresis, which measure the net particle charge, and acid-base titrations, which determine proton charge. 

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A particular problem is determination of surface charge density on a nonconductor which has charges of opposite polarity on either side (bipolar... 

Bagotskaya and the integration of capacitance-potential curves for the determination of surface charges, 45 Bai and Conway, discussion of bubbles, 529 Band... 

A novel method for the determination of surface charge density at a HMDE coated with a self-assembled phospholipid mono-layer mimicking a biological membrane has been described by Becucci etal. [7] Charge density was calculated by integrating the capacitance current, which flows at the constant potential as a consequence of slight contraction of mercury drop. 

One of the applications of zeta potential measurements is in the determination of surface charges of colloids such as proteins. We look into this briefly in Section 12.10 and derive the equation connecting the surface charge to the zeta potential under some simplifying assumptions. 

Inouye H, Kirschner DA. Membrane interactions in nerve myeUn 11. Determination of surface charge from biochemical data. Bio-phys. J. 1988 53 247-260. 

Determination of Surface Charge from Surface Complex Formation Equilibria (or from Adsorption Isotherms)... 

M. Durbha and M. E. Orazem, "Current Distribution on a Rotating Disk Electrode Below the Mass-Transfer Limited Current Correction for Finite Schmidt Number and Determination of Surface Charge Distribution," Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 145 (1998) 1940-1949. 

In view of experimental difficulties in determination of surface charge density at extreme pH values by potentiomentric titration, other arguments must be considered to resolve the problem of the possibility to charge the silica surface positively. For example a molecular dynamic study led to conclusion that silica surface is not protonated [20]. On the other hand, according to Seidel et al. [21] protonated monosilicic acid is the most abundant silicon species in solution at pH <4.5. (Attention Fig. 3 in Ref. 21 which shows this result has an erroneous legend. Actually the protonated species is represented by the. .. line.) Assuming that the silica surface behaves similarly as monosilicic acid in solution, this result is in favor of protonation of silica at low pH. 

PUgrimm, H. and Sonntag, H., Determination of surface charge density of dispersed oxidic particles in aqueous solutions by a coulometric method. Colloid Polym. Sci., 258,471, 1980. 

Ntalikwa, J.W., Determination of surface charge density of a-alumina by acid-base titration. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiopia, 21, 117, 2007. 

Preocanin, T. and Kallay, N., Application of mass tiu-ation to determination of surface charge of metal oxides, Croat. Chem. Acta, 71, 1117, 1998. 

Houchin, M.R., Determination of surface charge at the tapiolite (FeTajO j/water interface, Colloids Sutf., 13, 125, 1985. 

Sonnefeld, L, Determination of surface charge density parameters of silicon nitride, Colloids Surf. A, 108, 27, 1996. 

Figure 2.19 Determination of surface charge by a method of acid-alkali tittering...

D. L. Gilbert and G. Ehrenstein, Effect of Divalent Cations on Potassium Conductance of Squid Axons Determination of Surface Charge, Biophys. J. 9, 447-463 (1969). 

D. Determination of surface charge density and surface potential... 

D. Determination of Surface Charge Density and Surface Potential... 

Wang, J. and Bard, A.J. (2001) Direct atomic force microscopic determination of surface charge at the gold/electrolyte interface - the inadequacy of classical GCS theory in describing the double-layer charge distribution. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 105, 5217. 

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