Detergent zwitterionic

Chevallet, M. Santoni, V. Poinas, A. Rouquie, D. Fuchs, A. Kieffer, S. Rossignol, M. Lunardi, J. Garin, J. Rabilloud, T. New zwitterionic detergents improve the analysis of membrane proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1998,19,1901-1909. 

Detergents commonly used to form micelles that are amenable to high-resolution NMR are summarized in Tab. 5.2, and the chemical structures of the most commonly used detergents are presented in Fig. 5.2. Unfortunately, only a few of those needed for use with nonisotopically enriched peptides are commercially available in deuterated form. Most frequently, the zwitterionic DPC or the negatively charged SDS have been used as membrane mimetics. Mixtures of DPC doped with small amounts of SDS may be used to modulate the charge distribution on the micelle surface. It should be emphasized here... 

SOLVENT EFFECTS ZWiTTERGENTS DETERGENTS MICELLE ZWITTERION ZYMOGEN Zymogen activation,... 

Types of detergents n, non-ionic a, anionic c, cationic z, zwitterionic N, Aggregation number (average munber of detergent molecules per micelle)... 

Figure 5.2 Top-diagramatic representation of a detergent molecule, (a) Single tailed (b) double tailed (c) zwitterionic (d) bolamphiphilic. Bottom - different types of surfactant aggregates in solution (A) monolayer (B) bilayer (C) liquid-crystallin phase lamellar (D) normal micelles (E) cylindrical micelles (hexagonal) (F) vesicles (liposomes) (G) reversed micelles.

Mandrell. R.E. and Zollinger, W.D. 1984. Use of zwitterionic detergent for the restoration of antibody-binding capacity of electroblotted meningococcal outer membrane proteins. J. Immunol. Methods 67 1-11. 

The addition of zwitterionic or non-ionic detergents to SD buffers has three important functions. Detergents aim to disrupt membranes and consequently solubilize lipids and delipidate proteins, which are bound to membranes or vesicles. The use of SDS as a detergent will affect the overall net charge and so non-ionic or zwitterionic detergents such as Triton X-100 or CHAPS are used (Shaw and Riederer, 2003). Commonly used CHAPS, which will not affect the overall charge, can be added up to 4% in SD buffers to account for... 

Luche, S., Santoni, V. and Rabi I loud, T. (2003) Evaluation of nonionic and zwitterionic detergents as membrane protein solubilizers in two-dimensional electrophoresis. Proteomics 3, 249-253. 

McEnery, M. W., Buhle, E. L.,Jr, Aebi, U., andPedersen, P. L. (1984). Proton ATPase of rat liver mitochondria Preparation and visualization of a functional complex using the novel zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-l-propanesulfonate./. Biol. Chem. 259, 4642-4651. 

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