Detergent digitonin

If a sample contains a larger amount of interfering substances, i.e., the blank gives a high value, these substances may be removed according to this protocol. But some detergents, such as digitonine, prevent the precipitation of the proteins. 

As a non-phagocytosable, non-protein stimulus detergents have been used, especially digitonin but also sodium dodecyl sulfate Fatty acids which elicit the burst include myristate and arachidonateActive lectins include concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin the specific synthetic inhibitor, alpha methyl... 

Some saponins from plants are quite phytotoxic,36 but little is known of their mode(s) of action. Some of these compounds have effects on membrane properties, due to their detergent-like activity. However, all membrane effects are apparently not due to nonspecific effects on membrane lipids. Kauss and Jeblick23 provided indirect evidence that digitonin effects on plant cell Ca2+ uptake are due to effects on membrane protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes. Betulin (Fig. 10.1), a phytotoxic saponin,22 is known for its pharmaceutical activity. It is an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase.45 The natural product-based DNA topoisomerase inhibitor drug podophyllotoxin is also phytotoxic.37... 

Further, a suspension of bovine ROS displayed an a CD peak 2.3 times more intense than the corresponding extract [40,41]. It is the conformational stability of rhodopsin which is affected by detergent solubilization, the smallest divergence from ROS being observed in digitonin. 

Permeabilizes membranes e.g. mitochondrial digitonin particles cholesterol interaction [antifungal, detergent, haemolytic]... 

Digitonin a mild detergent that permeabilizes the plasma membrane of most mammalian cells without affecting organelles such as the mitochondria... 

The most recent measurement was carried out by Setif and Mathis , who looked particularly for the probable cause for the variance in the redox-potential values reported in the literature. These authors used chloroplast thylakoid lamellae and simpler complexes fractionated by treatment with digitonin, Triton and other detergents or combinations thereof. A CPI complex i.e., one in which all iron-sulfur clusters were removed) prepared from tobacco by SDS fractionation was also used in their study. 

Organic solvents like methanol or acetone also can be used to open membranes, but they also act as denaturing fixatives. Solvents are used at -20 C for 10 min, but the use is not recommended. As described in previous sections, denaturing fixatives may cause loss of epitopes in the cells. Other detergent-like agents, such as saponin or digitonin, are used for transient permeabilization of cell cultures, and reversibly insert into and out of plasma membranes next to cholesterol. These agents must be present in all solutions after the fixative and should only be used for electron microscopy immunocytochemistry. 

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