Detector of flow

For some experiments, an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSDII, Varex Corporation, Burtonsville, MD) was connected in series with the UV-vis detector of Flow I. The operating conditions were those recommended by the instrument manufacturer. 

Wujian Miao illustrated a time line of various events in the development of ECL till 2002 (Fig. 1.3) [1]. As the time went on, this field attracted bulk of people to do research on ECL basic theory, emitters, mechanisms, applications, etc. Hence, advancements in the area of ECL increased exponentially over more than 45 years. After a long journey of almost half a century, ECL has now grown to be an incredibly potent analytical technique and been extensively used in many areas, such as criminology, forensic, environment, biomedical, biowarfare agent detection immunoassay [3], etc. This technique has also been effectively employed as a detector of flow injection analysis (FIA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and micro total analysis (pTAS) [13]. 

In bond graph terminology, we have two kinds of sensors effort sensor or detector of effort (De element) and flow sensor or detector of flow (Df element). We further introduce a sensor element, Ds, which measures a signal without qualitatively assigning the nature of signal, i.e., effort or flow, to the device. 

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