Desynchronization

Z. Sh. Yanovitskaya, I. G. Neizvestny, N. L. Shwartz, M. I. Katkov, I. P. Ryzhenkov. Desynchronization mode of 2D-island creation on the vicinal surface during MBE growth. Appl Surf Sci 0 119, 1998. 

Baghdoyan H. A., Monaco, A. P., Rodrigo-Angulo, M. L. et al. (1984a). Microinjection of neostigmine into the pontine reticular formation of cats enhances desynchronized sleep signs. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Then 231, 173-80. 

Baghdoyan, H. A., Lydic, R., Callaway, C. W. Hobson, J. A. (1989). The carbachol-induced enhancement of desynchronized sleep signs is dose dependent and antagonized by centrally administered atropine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2, 67-79. 

Mallick, B. N., Thankachan, S. Islam, F. (1998). Differential responses of brain stem neurons during spontaneous and stimulation-induced desynchronization of the cortical eeg in freely moving cats. Sleep Res. Online 1, 132-46. 

Tononi, G., Pompeiano, M. Cirelb, C. (1991). Effects of local pontine injection of noradrenergic agents on desynchronized sleep of the cat. Prog. Brain Res. 88, 545-53. 

Intracerebroventricular infusion of CST-14 dramatically increases the amount of slow wave activity in rats, at the expense of wakefulness. The mechanism by which CST-14 enhances cortical synchronization has been established through the interaction of CST-14 with acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter known to be involved in the maintenance of cortical desynchronization. Application of acetylcholine (ACh) in the anesthetized animal increases fast activity, and this effect is blocked with the simultaneous addition of CST-14. These data suggest that CST-14 increases slow wave sleep by antagonizing the effects of ACh on cortical excitability. In addition to this mechanism, cortistatin may enhance cortical... 

Desynchronization of circadian or seasonal rhythms cause diurnal variations in mood and sleep patterns and can result in seasonal recurrences of mood episodes. 

Electrophysiology and neuroimaging Similar to LSD, peripheral injections of mescaline produce desynchronization of the EEG and increase arousal in the rat (Colasanti and Khazan 1975). This period asts for 2-3 hours, and is followed by a period of slow-wave and REM sleep with normal sleep cycles. 

J. Lauzeral, J. Halloy, and A. Goldbeter, Desynchronization of cells on the developmental path triggers the formation of spiral waves of cAMP during Dictyostelium aggregation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 9153-9158 (1997). 

Weit Is it or is it not desynchronization of the single-cell molecular oscillator We just don t know. 

Hastings We have been involved in some work with Andrew Louden in the (au mutant hamster. Looking at the peripheral gene expression in those mutant hamsters, surprisingly Perl and DBF take up phases which you wouldn t predict simply on the basis of the period shortening in the mutant. Looking at the phase in circadian time we should correct for that difference in period, but the gene expression cycles remain inappropriately phased in the mutant. They are internally desynchronized. 

Halberg (74) postulated a desynchronization of circadian rhythms in depression, whereas Goodwin and colleagues ( 75) found a phase advance in the rhythms of depressed patients, and Schulz and Lund ( 76) found a diminished amplitude. Perhaps most interesting is the ability of antidepressants to alter these rhythms, possibly by binding to receptor sites in the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( 77). 

Having sermonized so long and hard about the time dimension, I am embarrassed now to promote a model that practically ignores it Time was the second dimension in activation-only models that plotted functions like EEG synchronization, desynchronization, muscle tone, eye movement, and autonomic measures as the first dimension. In the still traditional sleep charts, these functions rise and fall against time. In the three-dimensional model I will now develop, time is a fourth dimension, seen only as a sequence of points within the state space. 

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