Desulfurization of flue gas

The detection and monitoring of bromine is important in various fields of application. In industrial processes, bromine is employed, for example, for the desulfurization of flue gas and an on-line detector enables the process to be optimized. The presence of bromine in the atmosphere has been implicated in processes such as ozone depletion, [145] and devices for monitoring the release of bromine and bromine derivatives are desirable. Bromide monitoring is of interest in industrial contexts, photographic developers, environmental, and in medical samples. 

The adaptability of impinging streams to absorption systems and the features of the reactions involved in the wet desulfurization of flue gas with Ca(OH)2-suspension as the absorbent have been discussed in detail in Section 7.3. It is certain that the application of impinging streams for wet desulfurization is a good option. 

The gas-continuous impinging stream gas-liquid reactor for the experiments of wet desulfurization of flue gas employs the flow configuration of horizontal coaxial two impinging streams, as shown in Fig. 7.9. 

The major advantages of GIS over other methods for the wet desulfurization of flue gas are its high sulfur-removal efficiency, very large volumetric mass transfer coefficient which necessitates only a small device, and relatively small resistance to the streams. Therefore the application of GIS for wet FGD can be expected to yield great economic and social benefits. However, for such a purpose the related engineering problems need to be solved. 

According to the data for volumetric mass transfer coefficient measured in the device on a small pilot plant scale, for a certain load of flue gas to be processed, the required total volume of the reactor under consideration would be very small, only about 1/3 that of existing wet FGD equipment. In addition, the arrangement of the internal wet cyclone shown in Fig. 7.23 enables the reactor to have simultaneously high ash-removal efficiency. The reactor is especially suitable for the wet desulfurization of flue gas with hydrated lime or dilute ammonia solution as the absorbent. The design of the large-scale reactor suitable for a power station has now been accomplished and is expected to be applied industrially in the very near future. 

Li. Fang (2005). Desulfurization of flue gas by by impinging stream reaction. 

Plaster of Paris is produced by a dry dehydration (calcination) of calcium sulfate dihydrate, which is available either as natural gypsum or as a by-product of the chemical industry. Increasing amounts of dihydrate are also produced as flue gas gypsum in the desulfurization of flue gas in power plants that use sulfur-containing fossil fuels as source of energy. A number of technologies are available to produce plaster of Paris. 

Fig. 3-3. Desulfurizing of flue gas, Walther process, simplified flow sheet.

FIGURE 5.9 Flow sheet of BF process for desulfurization of flue gas. (After Juntgen, H., Carbon, 15, 273, 1977.)... 

Glenna, K. and Tokerud, A. (ABB Flakt, Oslo, Norway), 1991, Unique FGD Process Uses Seawater as Absorbent—Desulfurization of Flue Gas Without Chemicals in a Norwegian Oil Refinery, ABB Review, April. 

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