Design strategies secondary containment

Containment without any discharge to the atmosphere is one possibility. This may be either in the reactor itself (with a sufficiently high design pressure) or in a separate vessel with top or bottom relief from the reactor to the secondary containment vessel. If containment is not possible, a good strategy is to separate the gas/ vapour phase from the liquid phase. The liquid can then be held for subsequent recycle or disposal, and the gas/ vapour phase can be treated, e.g. by scrubbing or flaring, or vented direct to the atmosphere if sufficiently innocuous. 

Figure 4.1 Overview of strategy for design of an HPLC method to determine enzymatic activity. The reaction tube contains a mix preparation to measure the activity of an ATP pyrophosphohydrolase, which catalyzes the formation of AMP and PPj from ATP. The mix contains the substrate, ATP the buffer, Tris-HCl and magnesium, a metal cofactor. The addition of a sample from the enzyme fraction initiates the primary reaction and also several secondary reactions. Samples of the incubation mixture are withdrawn at intervals (r( and r2), and the reaction is terminated by injection of the samples onto the HPLC column. A representative analysis of each sample is shown. The amount of each component can be calculated from the area of its peak and is graphed as a function of reaction time.

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