Design of Experiment Study

TABLE 2.7 Factors and Response of a Tablet Formulation Using Design of Experiment Studies... 

Since the small volume vessels and minipaddles were noncompendial, additional studies were performed to confirm the appropriateness of the method parameters selected and the discriminatory ability of the method. The effect of paddle speed, paddle height and sampling zone were evaluated in an experimental design of experiment study. In addition, the discriminatory ability of the method was evaluated using purposefully perturbed or aberrant tablets, to model poorly dissolving tablets. 

Carton JG, Olabi AG (2010) Design of experiment study of the parameters that affect performance of three flow plate configurations of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Energy 35 2796-2806... 

Reference to this oxide is included here to indicate a possible complication that may appear in kinetic and mechanistic studies of sublimation-type reactions, since the vacuum dissociation of V2Os has been shown [655] to produce a variety of molecular entities V4Oi0, V6014, V6012, V408 and V204. Allowance for the complexity of the product mixture must be made in the design of experiments. 

In this paper we will briefly discuss the role of both support and metals as both impact catalysis performance and stabihty. In our early work we discovered that Re imparts important character to Ni in producing an effective catalyst. A large study was completed using a design of experiments. A full paper describing that design is planned. In this paper we provide a smmnaty of the results. Figure 34.3 shows (a) (b)... 

Molina R, Martinez F, Melero JA, Bremner DH, Chakinala AG (2006) Mineralization of phenol by a heterogeneous ultrasound/Fe-SBA-15/H202 process multivariate study by factorial design of experiments. Appl Catal B Environ 66 198-207... 

Another method for preparing pyrrole rings is by Ugi-type three-component condensation (Scheme 6.184). In the protocol published by Tye and Whittaker [345], levulinic acid was reacted with two different isonitriles and four amine building blocks (1.5 equivalents) to provide a set of eight pyrrole derivatives. While the previously published protocol at room temperature required a reaction time of up to 48 h and provided only moderate product yields, the microwave method (100 °C, 30 min) optimized by a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach (see Section 5.3.4), led to high yields of the desired lactams for most of the examples studied. 

The chemometric basic tools may be divided into the following typologies of study data exploration, modelling, prediction and validation, design of experiments (DOE), process analytical technology (PAT), quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). Details and relevant literature are reported in the following paragraphs. 

The challenge of monitoring batch processes for deviations was addressed by Gabrielsson et aP" (also taken up by Wong et al. °) with the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline as a model reaction. The study followed a factorial design of experiments. Process deviations could only be detected when the UV spectroscopic data set and the process data set were used in a combined manner, not seperately. 

Study means an experiment or set of experiments in which a test item is examined. The study plan defines the objectives and experimental design of the study. 

The classic texts on the design of experiments in scientific and engineering studies emphasize (1) measurement and instrumentation, (2) sources of error, (3) factor design etc. [30, 31] This section addresses step-by-step many of these issues for in situ studies, and does so by integrating relevant chemical and chemical engineering concerns and concepts. This section attempts to provide a very useful short-list of design considerations for the experimentalist so that Eq. (2) can be solved. 

---