Design Multilayers

In other white light devices, blue, green and red emitters are combined. Kido et al. [169, 170] designed multilayer systems using 6 (TPD) for blue, metal-chelate complexes for green and red emission, respectively. Similar devices have been developed by other groups, using Forster transfer or exciton confinement for the creation of the three primary colors [171, 172]. Exciplex emission was... 

W.L. Lee, P. Yu, M. Hong, E. Widjaja, S.C.J. Loo, Designing multilayered particulate systems for tunable drug release profiles. Acta Biomater. 8, 2271-2278 (2012)... 

Infrared laser lines involving. .. 2p 5s —. .. 2p 4p transitions in the 3.39 pm region are not particularly usefiil. However, they do cause some problems in a 632.8 nm laser because they deplete the populations of the. ., 2p 5s states and decrease the 632.8 nm intensity. The 3.39 pm transitions are suppressed by using multilayer cavity mirrors designed specifically for the 632.8 nm wavelength or by placing a prism in the cavity orientated so as to deflect the infrared radiation out of the cavity. 

The measurements of concentration gradients at surfaces or in multilayer specimens by neutron reflectivity requires contrast in the reflectivity fiDr the neutrons. Under most circumstances this means that one of the components must be labeled. Normally this is done is by isotopic substitution of protons with deuterons. This means that reflectivity studies are usually performed on model systems that are designed to behave identically to systems of more practical interest. In a few cases, however (for organic compounds containing fluorine, for example) sufficient contrast is present without labeling. 

Current usage is almost entirely associated with the good adhesion to aluminium. Specific applications include the bonding of aluminium foil to plastics films, as the adhesive layer between aluminium foil and polyethylene in multilayer extrusion-laminated non-lead toothpaste tubes and in coated aluminium foil pouches. Grades have more recently become available for manufacture by blown film processes designed for use in skin packaging applications. Such materials are said to comply with FDA regulations. 

The trend in CVD metallization is toward greater use of copper, and the refractory metals and their silicides in multilayered metallization designs, typically consisting of metal-silicide contacts, refractory-metal barriers, and copper or an aluminum alloy as the principal interconnect metal. Other metals deposited by CVD such as chromium, molybdenum, platinum, rhodium, and ruthenium are also actively considered for use as conductors. 

Apart from molecular, or supramolecular design, modified electrodes can be improved by microstructuring. Two different strategies have been developed multilayered electrodes 272) of microelectrodes 6,273)... 

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