Deoxyribonucleic acid nitrogen

Schematic diagram of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) showing the pairing of nitrogen bases (A-T C-G) between parts of two strands of DNA, the backbone of each strand being composed of alternately linked sugar and phosphate units.

Nucleic Acids. Phosphoms is an essential component of nucleic acids, polymers consisting of chains of nucleosides, a sugar plus a nitrogenous base, and joined by phosphate groups (43,44). In ribonucleic acid (RNA), the sugar is D-ribose in deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), the sugar is 2-deoxy-D-ribose. 

The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which carry embedded in their complex molecules the genetic information that characterizes every organism, are found in virtually all living cells. Their molecules are very large and complex biopolymers made up basically of monomeric units known as nucleotides. Thus DNA and RNA are said to be polynucleotides. The nucleotides are made up of three bonded (linked) components a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and one or more phosphate groups ... 

Nucleic acids are the molecules in our cells that direct and store information for reproduction and cellular growth. There are two types of nucleic acids ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Both of these nucleic acids are unbranched organic polymers composed of monomer units called nucleotides. These nucleotides are composed of a sugar molecule, a nitrogen base, and phosphoric acid. A single DNA molecule may contain several million of these nucleotides, while the smaller RNA molecules may contain several thousand. 

C-polyaromatic hydrocarbons deoxyribonucleic acid environmental Protection Agency peroxy nitric acid nitric acid lipopolysaccharide nitrogen/Carbon isocynate radical N-nitrosodibuty lamine N-nitrosodiethylamine N-nitrosodiethanolamine N-nitrosodimethylamine N-nitrosodiphenylamine N-nitrosoethylmethylamine... 

What s DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid, the helical ladderlike chain of molecules that makes up genes. DNA consists of a sugar molecule called deoxyribose (it is somewhat related to glucose), a nitrogen-containing molecule called a base, and phosphate atoms bonded to the other two components. It is the sequence of base pairs (one base on each strand) in DNA that determines the end-product (e.g., protein). The human genome— the entire DNA content of a human being—contains approximately 3 billion base pairs. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) The constituent of chromosomes which stores die hereditary information of an organism in the form of a sequence of nitrogenous bases. Much of this information relates to the synthesis of proteins, other agents. 

The basic monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides which are made up of heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds, purines and pyrimidines, linked to pentose sugars. There are two types of nucleic acids and these can be distinguished on the basis of the sugar moiety of the molecule, Ribonucleic acids (RNA) contain ribose, while deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains deoxyribose. The bases cytosine (C) adenine (A) and guanine (G) are common in both RNA and DNA. However, RNA molecules contain a unique base, uracil (U), while the unique DNA base is thymidine (T). These differences in the base structure markedly affect the secondary structures of these polymers. The structures of DNA and RNA are outlined in Appendix 5.2. 

Of these pyrimidines, uracil and cytosine are constituents of ribonucleic acid, whereas thymine and cytosine are components of deoxyribonucleic acid. It was generally accepted that these nitrogenous heterocycles were the only pyrimidine components of the nucleic acids. The possibility that the nucleic acids might contain moieties other than those described had been voiced by Gulland,26 Chargaff and Vischer,27 and Davidson.28 The... 

Table n shows the changes in the composition of the bacterial substance which occur when 100 mg. of log cells at the depletion point grow into valine cells (if that is the limiting amino acid), or into threonine cells if threonine is limited. The amounts formed from 100 mg. at the point of depletion average 145 mg. in the case of valine and 190 mg. in the case of threonine. The determination of wall substance by mechanical disruption and the determination of membrane substance by lipide analysis have been outlined. The other data are obtained by way of conventional procedures DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) by diphenylamine, and completely independently by thymine RNA (ribonucleic acid) by ultraviolet extinction and cytoplasmic protein from nitrogen determinations corrected for the nitrogen content of the other components. 

These purines and pyrimidines join to the sugar-phosphate backbones of nucleic acids through repeating /3-linked AT-glycosidic bonds involving the N9 position of purines and the N1 position of pyrimidines. There are two classes of nucleic acids ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA and RNA differ in one of their nitrogenous base components (uracil in RNA, thymine in DNA) and in their sugar (ribose) moiety, as indicated in Fig. V-2. 

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid. The molecular basis of the genetic code - a macromolecule formed of repeating deoxyribonucleotides (formed from 4 nitrogenous bases - adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G)). These bases form complimentary base-pairs A-T and G-C on separate strands of the helical DNA molecule. 

A preliminary chemical investigation of the polysaccharides of M. tuberculosis has recently been undertaken by W. N. Haworth and the authors. It was found that two stable and probably degraded polysaccharide fractions could be isolated from the defatted cells by the action of sodium hydroxide. Both products were serologically active at a dilution of 1 2,000,000 the first fraction ([a] D + 85° in water) was derived mainly from the somatic portion of the cell, while the second + 27° in water) was found in the ether-soluble lipid constituents. Both fractions were intimately associated with deoxyribonucleic acid, which was identified by nitrogen and phosphorus analyses, by the Dische test and by spectrophotometric measurements. 

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