Deoxyribonucleic acid base constituents

Sites and thermodynamic quantities associated with proton and metal ion interaction with ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid and their constituent bases, nucleosides and nucleotides. R. M. Izatt, J. J. Christensen and J. H. Rytting, Chem. Rev., 1971, 71, 439-481 (229). 

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) The constituent of chromosomes which stores die hereditary information of an organism in the form of a sequence of nitrogenous bases. Much of this information relates to the synthesis of proteins, other agents. 

The infected system was shown to contain deoxymidine 5-phosphate this observation is interesting, since this nucleotide has not yet been shown to be present in normal cells. The nucleotide is presumably used for the synthesis of thymidine 5-triphosphoric acid. Detectable quantities of 5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine or of 5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine nucleotides were not present, despite the fact that this base is a normal constituent of the phage deoxyribonucleic acid. Explanations for this observation are that (a) the amount present in the acid-soluble fraction at any given moment is too small for detection by the methods of anal3rsis employed, or (b) the newly synthesized 5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine is directly incorporated into deoxyribonucleic acid. 

Nucleotides are monomers that link together to form polymers called nucleic acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Each nucleotide comprises a C5 sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. Nucleotides are major constituents of the hereditary material and can act as energy currency (ATP) in cells. Some derivatives of nucleotides can function in oxidation-reduction reactions in the cell. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid, as well as their nucleotides, nucleosides, and base constituents play an important role in many vital biochemical processes of medical interest. To better understand these processes, fundamental investigations into the structure, occurrence, search for modifications, and biochemical impact of structural variation are required. Thus, reliable high-resolution analytical methods for the separation and identification of the nucleic acid constituents (often at extremely low concentration levels) had to be developed. Chromatography (including reversed-phase hquid chromatography), ion exchange chromatography, dHPLC, and electrophoresis... 

Sites and Therinodynainlc Quantities Associated with Proton and Metal Ion Interaction with Ribonucleic Acid, Deoxyribonucleic Acid, and Their Constituent Bases, Nucleosides, and Nucleotides Chemical Reviews 439 (1971)... 

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary constituent of cells and consists of two polymer strands of deoxyribonucleotide units. One of the strands consists of nucleotide bases that are complementary to those of the other strand. The two strands coil about each other in a double helix, with base pairing along the entire lengths of the strands (Figure 25.12). Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a constituent of cells that is... 

The intestine also contains enzymes capable of digesting the nucleic acids—ribcoucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Pancreatic nucleases split nucleic acids into nucleotides (purine or pyrimidine base, sugar, and phosphoric acid), and the nucleotides are split into nucleosides (purine or pyrimidine base and a sugar), and phospharic acid. These nucleosides are then split into their constituent sugar (pentoses), purine (adenine or guanine) and pyrimidine ( osine, uracil, or thymine) bases. These bases are then absorbed by active transport... 

It is estimated that nearly 30 g of dry mixed sludge (from aerobic and anaerobic treatment) are produced per day per inhabitant [53] in municipal treatment systems alone. This suggests that for a city of 1 million inhabitants, this constitutes approximately 30 tonnes of dry sludge produced every day. Wastewater biosolids can be an important source of carbon-based compounds [54], The most important components of wastewater biomass are polysaccharides and proteins, either in pure form or in associations with other compounds, such as glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, and so on. Other constituents include humic substances, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), lipids and uronic acids [54]. In the case of lipids, the content of lipids can vary from 2 to 30% [55]. 

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