Dehydrating agents, and

CaHjNCO, PhNCO. A pungent lachrymatory almost colourless liquid m.p. — 33 "C, b.p. 162°C. Used as a dehydrating agent and for characterization of alcohols. Prepared from aniline and phosgene in the presence of hydrogen chloride. 

Potassium acetate is very soluble and is used in the manufacture of glass (qv), as a buffer (see Hydrogen-ION activity) or a dehydrating agent, and in medicine as a diuretic (see Diuretic agents). It is dehquescent and is used as a softening agent for papers and textiles. 

Sulfur dioxide is the anhydride of sulfurous add, and sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is a strong acid, a dehydrating agent, and an oxidizing agent. 

Since this salt is a very efficient dehydrating agent and used very often, there are... 

The adducts (94) of triphenylphosphine and alkylphenyl-AT-p-tosylsulphilimines also act as dehydrating agents, and have been employed in the synthesis of acid anhydrides, esters, and amides.90-91... 

The adipic acid process we have developed involves butadiene oxidative carbonylation in the presence of methanol, a l, l-dimethoxycyclohexane dehydration agent, and a palladium(ll)/ copper(ll) redox catalyst system (Equation 1.). The reaction sequence includes an oxycarbonylation, hydrogenation and hydrolysis step(17-19). The net result is utilization of butadiene, the elements of synthesis gas, l, -dimethoxycyclohexane and air to give adipic acid, cyclohexanone and methanol. 

The usual commercial product is marketed as a solution of 90% formic acid in water. Anhydrous formic acid must be handled carefully it is a strong dehydrating agent and can cause severe skin burns. Formic acid is soluble in water, alcohol, ether, and glycerol. It is industrially synthesized by heating carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide under pressure to form... 

Pyruvic acid may be obtained by the distillation of tartaric acid or glyceric acid.7 Better results are obtained, however, by the distillation of tartaric acid in the presence of a dehydrating agent such as potassium bisulfate.8 This method has been adopted after a study of a variety of dehydrating agents and various experimental procedures. 

Sulfuric acid is a colorless, corrosive, oily liquid that boils (and decomposes) at about 300°C. It has three chemically important properties it is a strong Bronsted acid, a dehydrating agent, and an oxidizing agent (Fig. 15.17). Sulfuric acid is a strong acid in the sense that its first deprotonation is almost complete at normal concentrations in water. 

The synthesis of dialkyl oxalates by oxycarbonylation of alcohols in the presence of a dehydrating agent and a Wacker catalyst was first reported by Fenton in 1968 (equation 177).378,449 As for the previous oxycarbonylations, the presence of water is a strong inhibitor of the reaction and favors the side-formation of C02 (equation 178). Dehydrating agents such as triethyl orthoformate or boric anhydride are necessary to prevent water formation and subsequent deactivation of the... 

Predict the products of the reactions of alcohols with oxidants, hydrohalic acids, dehydrating agents, and alkali metals. 

This compound is prepared from diethanolamine and nitric acid with acetic anhydride as a dehydrating agent and in the presence of hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. The nitration product is stabilized by boiling in water, followed by dissolution in acetone and reprecipitation with water. 

The cycloalkylidene acetals are formed in essentially the same way as their iso-propylidene counterparts. Thus reaction of a diol with cyclopentanone [Scheme 3.42]M or cyclohexanone, usually with provision for the removal of water, accomplishes the transformation in good yield In the double protection of mannitol [Scheme 3.43], triethyl orthoformate served as the dehydrating agent and trifluoroborane etherate was the acid catalyst 65... 

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