Degree of packing

The high degree of packing of the organisms within a volume can lead to the formation of floes (suspended aggregates), where millions of cells cluster to form particles with dimensions in the order of millimetres [29]. Models for uptake by such ecosystems also assume sphericity, and start from a continuity equation accounting for the consumption of the species throughout the floe ... 

Figure 8.18 DSC (at 30% solids) and x-ray diffraction diagrams of three amylose-glycerol monostearate complexes differing in the degree of packing oftheir helices in the solid-state. The inset depicts the relationships between Gibbs free energy and temperature for the three structural forms, /, lla and lib the arrow indicates the melt-mediated transformation of metastable form / to lla.20...

Table 7.1 gives some of the properties of the pore structures produced by the different degrees of packing of spherical particles. It can be seen that it is only in the case of tetrahedral packing (N=4) that the effective size of the cavities is approximately equal to the particle size. 

When activity coefficients are used, y is plotted versus (log Ci + log/ ) to obtain T v The area per molecule at the interface provides information on the degree of packing and the orientation of the adsorbed surfactant molecule when compared with the dimensions of the molecule as obtained by use of molecular models. From the surface excess concentration, the area per molecule at the interface a, in square angstroms is calculated from the relation... 

The rate of oxygen diffusion depends on the nature of the polymer and especially on (i) the number and size distribution of pre-existing holes, and (ii) the ease of hole formation. The former will depend on the degree of packing of the chains and the free volume and density. The ease of hole... 

The density of the mass may vary, depending on the degree of packing of the grains. The density of a fluid is a unique function of temperature and pressure, as is that of each individual solid particle but the bulk density of the mass is not. The bulk density is a minimum when the mass is loose it rises to a maximum when the mass is packed by vibrating or tamping. 

Since in the present section the inertia-ffee transport of particles is considered, we can restrict ourselves to aggregates of a sufficiently small size, approximately tens of microns. At small degrees of packing in an aggregate, its sedimentation rate can be so small that their transport from below to the rear stagnant cap is possible against gravity. 

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