Deformation schematic representation

Fig. 23. Schematic diagram of the 4-roll mill apparatus. Schematic representation of the flow field within the mill illustrating the deformation of a fluid element [35]...

Fig. 5 Schematic representation of the domain contributions to the tensile deformation of the fibre chain stretching and chain rotation due to shear deformation...

Figure 2.21. Schematic representation of colloid probe-PDMS droplet interaction during the AFM experiment. Solid line depicts the undeformed profile of the PDMS droplet and the rigid colloid probe. Dashed line shows the deformed profile of the PDMS droplet.

Fig. 4.1. Schematic representation of deformation around a short fiber embedded in a matrix subjected to...

Fig. 28. Schematic representation of a splay deformation (a) changes in the components of the director n, defining the orientational change (b) splay deformation of an oriented layer of a...

Fig. 32. Schematic representation of the flexo-electric effect, (a) The structure of an undeformed nematic liquid crystal with pear- and banana-shaped molecules (b) the same liquid crystal subjected to splay and bend deformations, respectively.

Figure 6.10 Schematic representations of the prolate and oblate deformations of a uniform sphere. A prolate deformation corresponds to the stretching of the distribution along only one axis while the distribution shrinks equally along the other two axes. An oblate deformation corresponds to the compression of the distribution along one axis with increases along the other two axes.

Melt-rich Solids-rich Melt-bound Very deformed Slightly deformed Undefonned suspension suspension solid particulates solid particles solid particles solid particles States of the stream Schematic representation Co-TSE screw configuration... 

Fig. 7.5 Schematic representation of (a) laminar distributive mixing where the blob is stretched and deformed and distributed throughout the volume (b) shows the same process as (a) but with an immiscible liquid or a soft agglomerate where the stretching leads to a breakup process.

Figure E7.10b shows the SDF and compares it to that of circular tube flow of a Newtonian fluid. The SDF is broad with about 75% of the flow rate experiencing a strain below the mean strain. A better insight into the meaning of the SDF is obtained by following simultaneously the reduction of the striation thickness and the flow rates contributed by the various locations between the plates (Fig. E7.10c). The distance between the plates is divided into 10 layers. We assume for the schematic representation of the SDF that the strain is uniform within each layer. Let us consider in each alternate layer two cubical minor particles separated by a certain distance, such that the initial striation thickness is Tq. By following the deformation of the particles with time, we note that although the shear rate is uniform, since the residence time is different, the total strain experienced by the particle is minimal at the moving plate and increases as we approach the stationary plate. But the quality of the product of such a mixer will not be completely determined by the range of strains or striations across the flow field the flow rate of the various layers also plays a role, as Fig. E7.10c indicates. A sample collected at the exit will consist, for example, of 17% of a poorly mixed layer B and only 1%...

Fig. 10.13 Melting of low density polyethylene (LDPE) (Equistar NA 204-000) in a starve-fed, fully intermeshing, counterrotating Leistritz LMS 30.34 at 200 rpm and 10 kg/h. (a) The screw element sequence used (h) schematic representation of the melting mechanism involving pellet compressive deformation in the calender gap (c) the carcass from screw-pulling experiments. [Reprinted by permission from S. Lim and J. L. White, Flow Mechanisms, Material Distribution and Phase Morphology Development in Modular Intermeshing counterrotating TSE, Int. Polym. Process., 9, 33 (1994).]...

Fig. 13.15 Schematic representation of the flow pattern in the central portion of the advancing front between two parallel plates. The coordinate system moves in the x direction with the front velocity. Black rectangles denote the stretching deformation the fluid particles experience. [Reprinted by permission from Z. Tadmor, Molecular Orientation in Injection Molding, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 18, 1753 (1974).]...

A schematic representation of the domain contributions to the tensile deformation of a fibre is depicted in Fig. 13.97 and shows that the total deformation consists of chain stretching and shear deformation resulting in rotation of the chain axis. For an infinitesimal deformation and well-oriented fibres Northolt and Baltussen found for the initial modulus, El, and for the initial compliance,S[n, of the fibre... 

FIG. 13.97 Schematic representation of the domain contributions to the tensile deformation of the fibre chain stretching and chain rotation due to shear deformation.The chains make an angle in the undeformed state and angle 6 in the deformed state. From Northolt et al. (2005). Courtesy Springer Verlag. 

Fig. 20. Schematic representation of one grafted chain entangled with melt chains and deformed under the effect of the friction forces...

Fig. 2.76. (a) Deformation of the adsorbed bns due to the electric field at the metal-solution interphase. (b) Schematic representation of the bisulfate ion and its equivalent spherical structure before and after its deformation at the interphase. (Reprinted from J. O M. Bockris, Maria Gamboa-AI-deco, and M, Szkiarczyk, J. Electroanalyt. Chem. 339 335, 1992.)... 

Fig. 3 Schematic representation of various types of failure associated with the mechanical instability of a film deposited on a substrate, (a) cracking of a thin film subjected to residual tensile stress, (b) plastic deformation of the substrate at the end of the crack, (c) deviation of the crack at the interface, (d) cracking of the substrate, (e) detachment and buckling (formation of a blister from an interface defect) of a film subjected to residual compressive stress, and (f) deviation of the crack through the thickness of the film (flaking).

Fig. 14. Schematic representation of the deformation of an average polycarbonate chain above T.

In the case of real substances, the response to the shear stress involves an instantaneous deformation of the Hookean type followed by gradual increase of the shear strain with time. If the strain at long times approaches a limiting value e q, the substance is considered a solid. However, if at long times the strain is a linear function of time, the substance is considered a liquid. Schematic representations of these responses are given in Figures 5.5a and 5.5b for real solids and liquids. 

Figure 6.1 Schematic representation of the vibrating shear deformation of a material.

Figure 9 (a) Schematic representation of fountain flow, showing the velocity and shear rate profiles and the deformation of a cubic element of melt as it approaches the flow front, (b) Model for growth of the frozen layer in a mould cavity... 

Fig. 1. Molecular structure of 9 and schematic representation of its structural deformation.

FIGURE 5.4 Schematic representation of small-scale mixing processes (from Baldyga and Bourne, 1984). (a) Reduction of length scale due to deformations within the inertial sub-range, (b) Creation of large interfacial area by vorticity acting on fluid elements of initial thickness of order Ak. 

Figure 1. Schematic representation of various possible friction mechanisms (a) Geometric interlocking of asperities with typical angle 0, (b) elastic deformation (stretched dashed bonds) to interlock atoms and/or macroscopic peaks, resulting in multiple metastable states, (c) defect pinning (circles), (d) pinning by an intervening layer of weakly bound material, (e) plastic deformation or plowing, and (f) material mixing or cold welding.

Fig. 10.30. Schematic representation of the relative positions of competing minima in the energy landscape as a function of temperature (courtesy of K. Bhattacharya). < (F, T) is the free energy function, which depends upon both the deformation gradient F and the temperature T, Ui and U2 are the deformation gradients associated with the two martensite variants considered in this figure and the identity I is associated with the austenite well.

The definition of chemorheology (in this text) is the study of the deformation properties of reactive polymer systems. Figure 4.1 shows a schematic representation of the structural development during thermoset cure. 

Figure 19. Schematic representation of the three different toughening mechanisms in dispersed systems, where the assumed loading direction is vertical (a) induced formation of fibrillated crazes (i.e., with microvoids in them) at the equatorial zones of rubber particles (b) induced formation of homogeneous crazes at cavitated particles and (c) induced formation of shear deformation between cavitated particles.

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