Defect chemistry, tuning

Equation (42) highlights the basic parameters via which the defect chemistry can be tuned these are T, P, C. Owing to their importance let us formulate the following qualitative T-, P-, C-rules which hold for simple defect chemistry ... 

The regime that we just addressed is typically the regime of electronic applications. If one wants to understand how these low temperature concentrations depend on the control parameters that have to be tuned during fabrication or at least how to prepare these reproducibly, one has to look more carefully at the bridge between high and low temperature defect chemistry.63"67 A very detailed analysis of this important subject is given in Refs.65,66. Here only a few points should be highlighted In order to fix and calculate the low temperature... 

A general issue is that these nanocarbons are often only discussed in terms of a class of materials based on their shape (CNT, etc.). However, the growing understanding of these materials [16,33], of their controlled synthesis [34], and of the interfacial phenomena during interaction between nanocarbons and semiconductor particles [1,6,8,23,35] has clearly indicated that in addition to the relevant role given from the possibility to tune nanoarchitecture (and related influence on mass and charge transport, as well as on microenvironment [36]) the specific nanocarbon characteristics, surface chemistry and presence of defect sites determine the properties. 

The chemistry and physics of defects play a key role in the following text [1,2]. After all, in the classical examples of water in chemistry and silicon in physics it is not so much the knowledge of the structure or of the chemical bonding that has made it possible to carry out subtle and controllable tuning of properties, but rather the phenomenological knowledge of the nature of relevant particles, such as HaO ions, OH ions or foreign ions in water that determine its acid-base and redox chemistry. In the case of silicon the relevant particles are conduction electrons and electron holes, which, on account of their properties, determine the (redox) chemistry and the electronic properties. 

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