Deep hot biosphere

Gold, T. (1999). The Deep Hot Biosphere, pp. 1-235. New York Springer-Verlag. 

Gold T. (2001) The Deep Hot Biosphere The Myth of Fossil Fuels. Freeman Dyson. 

Gold, Th. (1999) The deep hot biosphere. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 235 pp. 

There are three environments on Earth where microbes have been identified with temperature tolerances in a range of 100°C to 121 °C, namely, submarine hydrothermal vents, the subterranean deep biosphere, and terrestrial hot springs (Table 4.1). The highest temperature tolerances (110-121 °C) are found in microbes from marine hydrothermal vents and the subterranean deep biosphere high pressures prevent these waters from boiling at 100 °C, the normal boiling point of water at 1.01 bar (1 atm) pressure. From terrestrial hot springs, microbes have been isolated that can tolerate temperatures up to 103°C (Table 4.1). 

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