Deductive compensation

The final class of compensation is deductive compensation. This is resorted to in special circumstances when, for one reason or another, the test object is not physically accessible. Examples of such objects would include a nuclear reactor, the human brain or the cylinder chamber in an internal combustion engine. Deductive compensation requires reference to a model, and because aU models are imperfect, it is only used as a last resort. 

Inequality (3.12) ensues from the well-known fact that a given structure which contains a asymmetric carbon atoms gives rise to 2 in general distinct, stereoisomers and in some exceptional cases to fewer than 2 stereoisomers. Nevertheless, the purely analytical deduction of inequality (3.12) from (7) and (2.22) corroborates the observation. The exception, that is the case in which there are fewer than 2 stereoisomers in the presence of a asymmetric carbon atoms, involves compensation of asymmetries. The corollary of (3.12) indicates that compensation of asymmetries in cannot occur... 

Quantitative measurements of electrokinetic phenomena permit the calculation of the zeta potential by use of the appropriate equations. However, in the deduction of the equations approximations are made this is because in the interfacial region physical properties such as concentration, viscosity, conductivity, and dielectric constant differ from their values in bulk solution, which is not taken into account. Corrections to compensate for these approximations have been introduced, as well as consideration of non-spherical particles and particles of dimensions comparable to the diffuse layer thickness. This should be consulted in the specialized literature. 

Once employer-sponsored health insurance began to cover more people in the U.S., it became increasingly popular. As medical expenses increased, insurance became a greater necessity. Expanded insurance coverage increased compensation without additional taxes, and it provided vital financial protection if hospitalization was necessary. The benefits to employers became codified as well. The Revenue Act of 1954 defined employers contributions to health plans as tax-exempt and clarified that these were deductible business expenses. Recognizing that the burgeoning system was leaving out many workers. President Eisenhower proposed, but failed to achieve, market reforms in 1956. 

For index-linked gilts, institutional investors that are taxed are treated in the following way. An inflation tax relief is granted based on the inflation experienced between tax year-ends. This relief is deducted from the total return (calculated on a mark-to-market basis or an accrual basis, according to the an election made by the investor), and the difference is taxed. This means that index-linked enjoy a material tax advantage over nominal gilts—the intent and effect is that investors are only taxed on their real return, not on inflation compensation. 

The low sonolytic yield is compensated by relatively long chains. This finding corroborates previous deductions, according to which only radical chain processes can be induced or enhanced by sonication (see also p. 70). 

The relatively high accuracy of the sharing formula (32) is rather noteworthy with regard to its simplicity. Actually, the success of formula (32) has never been fully explained. It has been suggested that the neglect of different effects cancel each other in its deduction. " For instance, translational factors are not included in the analysis. It is possible that the model parameters are chosen such that they compensate partially for the missing translational factors. 

Another possible remedy is quantum meruit. This arises where the innocent party has completed part of his contract but is prevented from continuing by the other party. His claim is then based on the amount of work he has completed up to that date (Blanche v. Colburn ). However this claim cannot be maintained by a party whose failure to complete is of his own doing. A builder cannot build half a garage and refuse to complete and yet claim for the work done. If the work is completed but badly, then the contract price must be paid less a deduction to compensate for the faulty work. 

For accidents occurring after 1st January 1989 for which damages above a specified minimum are paid on or after the 3rd September 1990 this rule will no longer apply. In these cases the compensator will deduct all State Benefits from the damages for loss of earnings and repay them to the Department of Social Security. 

The other award a Tribunal can m e is that of compensation. Such an award is made up of two factors firstly, the basic award is the equivalent of the statutory redxmdancy pa5mient the employee would have received if he had been dismissed for that reason. The second is the compensatory award for the financial loss which the employee has suffered. It falls under various heads which include, inter alia, loss of salary, future loss of salary, estimated fluctuations in earnings, future loss of unemployment benefit and loss of pension rights. A percentage of the award can be ordered to be deducted by the Tribunal if they feel that the employee has contributed in any way to his own dismissal. It is the employee s duty to mitigate his loss and he must be able to satisfy the Tribunal that he has sought other employment but without success. If the employer fails to follow ttie DDP, the tribunal may award an increase of between 10% and 50% to any compensatory award. 

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