Decisive properties

The detection sensitivity of radiography is related among others to the properties and quality of industrial x-ray film systems. Changes of the products, variations due to different emulsions and combinations of products of different manufacturers can influence the decisive properties of film systems as classified in EN 584-1.To ensure the quality of industrial x-ray film systems a system for quality assurance open to all interested parties is proposed which is based on periodical round robin tests and quality controls of the manufacturer or an independent third party institution. 

Decisive properties of the phosphinomethanides are their stability towards reduction, the separation of the negative charge of the anionic ligand (centered at the formal carbanion) from the electron rich E(II) (E = Si, Ge, Sn) center by the phosphane donor atoms, the thus generated additional electrostatic stabilization and the four-membered chelate ring formation [1]. 

In order to find an equation with a wide application range, it is expedient to combine the decisive properties for heat transfer into dimensionless groups. For the general law of heat transfer it is advisable to choose an exponential equation in these quantities, because equations of this nature have proven themselves for the representation of heat transfer. 

A short laser pulse ( 200 fs) generates hot electrons in the metal clusters. A second laser pulse monitors the hot electron population. This technique enables the direct observation of electron relaxation as a result of electron-phonon coupling. Electron-phonon coupling is a decisive property enabling differentiation between bulk and molecular properties. Although this possibility has been exploited by different authors, the particles used have not been single-sized, which is necessary if valid results are to be obtained. The use of clusters of a distinct size such as Aun and Auss" and almost monodisperse 15-nm gold colloids and 3 nm and 35 nm Pt particles recently enabled more precise measurements to be made and better results to be obtained than in the past. It could be shown that the hot electron relaxation depends on the particle size in two different ways ... 

Adsorption is based on the energetic properties of solid surfaces. At the solid-fluid interface, attractive and repulsive forces are acting on the molecules of the adsorbate (adsorbed molecules). The most important forces are van der Waals or dispersion forces and electrostatic forces. It will be shown later that the Hamaker constant, the electrical charge, the polarizability of the adsorbent molecules, and the dipole and quadrupole moments as well as the polarizability of the adsorptive molecules are the decisive properties for gas-sohd equilibria. These equilibria describe the relationship between the concentration of the adsorptive in the fluid phase and the loading of the adsorbent Principally speaking, two or more components of a fluid can be adsorbed. 

Powders are finely divided solids, smaller than 1000 in its maximum dimension. A particle is defined as the smallest unit of a powder. The particles of powder may assume various forms and sizes, whereas the powders, as an association of such particles, exhibit, more or less, the same characteristics as if they were formed under identical conditions and if the manipulation of the deposits after removal from the electrode was the same [1,2]. The size of particles of many metal powders can vary in a quite wide range from a few nanometers to several hundreds of micrometers. The most important properties of a metal powder are the specific surface, the apparent density, the flowability, and the particle grain size distribution. These properties, called decisive properties, characterize the behavior of a metal powder. 

Analysis of Decisive Properties of Powders and Their Mutual Relations... 

The properties of metal powder, denoted as the decisive properties, characterize the behavior of metal powders. The most important of them are the specific surface, the apparent density, the flowabUity, the particle grain size, and the particle size... 

As stated in Introduction, some properties, called the decisive properties, characterize the behavior of metal powder. The most important of them are the specific surface, the apparent density, the flowability, the particle grain size, and the particle size distribution [1]. These properties were analyzed by Popov et al. [58-73] which showed that some of them can be mutually related, as well as that the specific surface of copper powder can be related to the overpotential of electrodeposition [58, 59]. 

It may be said therefore that the key to successful selection is to define the needs correctly. Hence, whenever a new selection process is started, the items listed in The decisive properties should be carefully addressed, and the upper and lower bounds should be defined, as far as possible. (In many cases this will be a matter of semi-quantitative ratings rather than precise figures.) Mechanical properties such as flexural modulus, tensile strength and creep resistance were not defined as decisive in the earlier section, because the overall rigidity, strength and deformation potential of components are a function of form and dimensions as well as basic properties. Nevertheless, feeding in the upper and lower bounds for mechanical properties is an important part of the selection procedure. The selection sequence can now be redefined thus ... 

The results of the studies on separating minimum and maximum boiling azeotropes with light, intermediate, or heavy entrainers are compared according to their operation steps and feasibility domains. The decisive property for designing an effective BED process, separating azeotropes, is the relative position of the entrainer to the azeotrope in the bubble point series. But the type of the azeotrope (minimum or maximum) can modify the existence of some limiting parameters (FA a , N,., >.,). 

In the subsequent derivation, products of the matrix transpose of the transformation T/2(f) with itself or its derivatives will appear. The decisive property of these products is a separation of the time-dependent components from the matrix structure, such that the angular velocity Q t) and its derivative turn up only as scalar factors ... 

That is, such a modification of the algorithm would result in a loss of the most decisive property of the hydrodynamic interaction, which is its long-range nature. An interaction which has a typical length-scale built in can be renormalized to a locahzed interaction, i.e., on a sufficiently coarse-grained scale the displacements of the monomers could be considered as independent. In this case the dynamics would be asymptotically Rouse-hke on scales large compared to /. 

---