Debye-Waller factor formula

This formula has great similarities with the Debye—Waller factor w ... 

Nj and Rj are the most important structural data that can be determined in an EXAFS analysis. Another parameter that characterizes the local structine aroimd the absorbing atom is the mean square displacement aj that siunmarizes the deviations of individual interatomic distances from the mean distance Rj of this neighboring shell. These deviations can be caused by vibrations or by structural disorder. The simple correction term exp [ 2k c ] is valid only in the case that the distribution of interatomic distances can be described by a Gaussian function, i.e., when a vibration or a pair distribution function is pmely harmonic. For the correct description of non-Gaussian pair distribution functions or of anhar-monic vibrations, different special models have been developed which lead to more complicated formulae [15-18]. This term, exp [-2k cj], is similar to the Debye-Waller factor correction used in X-ray diffraction however, the term as used here relates to deviations from a mean interatomic distance, whereas the Debye-Waller factor of X-ray diffraction describes deviations from a mean atomic position. 

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