Dealkylation special

It should be noted that the preparation of complexes (RNC)AuCN can be carried out via very special routes. Thus AuCN reacts with Mel to give (MeNC)AuCN. This reaction involves an interesting A-alkylation of an Au(i)-bound cyanide group.219 Other (RNG)AuGN complexes were obtained from the reaction of K[AuC14] with the isocyanide in methanol. Examples are the compounds (L)Au2(CN)2 with L = l,8-diisocyano-/>-menthane or 2,5-diisocyano-2,5-dimethyl-hexane. The reactions proceed with a dealkylation of an isocyanide in the coordination sphere of a gold(m) center to produce free cyanide (Scheme 53).201... 

The above reactions in this section have been examples of addition alone or addition followed by elimination. Ligand reactions involving nucleophilic substitution are also known and these are of the dealkylation type. Lewis acids such as aluminum chloride or tin(IV) chloride have been used for many years in the selective demethylation of aromatic methyl ethers, where chelation is involved (Scheme 27). Similar cleavage of thioethers, specially using mercury(II) salts, is commonly used to remove thioacetal functions masking ketones (equation 27).104 In some cases, reactions of metal ions with thioether ligands result in isolation of complexes of the dealkylated organic moiety (equations 28 and 29).105-107... 

Dealkylation of N-substituted pyrazoles is difficult to accomplish and has not been studied specially. Debenzylation can be brought about by the usual methods of reduction,4B4,70B 716,717 or by oxidation when the pyrazole ring is stabilized by the presence of an electron-withdrawing substituent. 

The Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement has rarely been used as a tool in organic synthesis and then only for very special systems [54], The reason is undoubtedly that the Hofmann elimination and the dealkylation reaction of quaternary nitrogen atoms are in direct competition with the ring expansion reactions of these substrates. 

Certain substituted sulfones may be obtained by special methods for instance, vinyl sulfones (82) may be formed by addition of a sulfonyl carbanion (83) to a carbonyl compound followed by elimination (Scheme 34). An example when X = H is the synthesis of methyl styryl sulfones (84) by the Knoevenagel condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with a methanesulfonylacetate (85) followed by dealkylation-decarboxylation of the intermediate product by treatment with lithium iodide in DMF (Scheme 35). 

Phendimetrazine. Phendimetrazine is readily absorbed from the GI tract after an oral dose in humans. It exhibits a short plasma half-life = 1.9 h), primarily attributable to high clearance, and requires qid dosing to maintain adequate plasma levels (78). A special slow-release drug capsule has been developed that extends the half-life to 9.8 h. Two primary metabolites, phenmetrazine (61) and phendimetrazine N-oxide (62), are formed by N-dealkylation and N-oxidation and are cleared through the kidney (79). 

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