Dashed-line construction

Graphic recognition, including vectorization and dashed-line construction... 

Dashed-line construction is composed of an exhaustive search over the subset of features that might be possible constituents of a dashed-line or dashed-wedge feature. In general, all dashes that consist of at least two line segments are identified. This includes most cases where one of two line segments is attached to other bonds. 

Dashed-line construction using Hough transforms... 

At the highest reflux rate possible, LIV = I, Xiv = 0.06 according to the dash-line construction shown in Fig. 9.6. The corresponding time is... 

Figure 0.2 Constructing a hot composite stream using superposition (the dashed line represents the composite line).

The numbers 5.78 and 2.44 were obtained in 1938 by the analysis of these magnetic data. It is seen from Fig. 1 that the experimental points are not precisely represented by straight lines with slope +1 and —1, and that, accordingly, there is some uncertainty in the construction of these lines and, hence, in the number of bonding orbitals and the number of stable atomic orbitals deduced from them. The full lines in Fig. 1 are those selected in 1938. The dashed lines, which... 

Figure 1.96. Log /oj-pH diagram constructed for temperature = 200°C, ionic strength = 1, ES = 10 m, and EC = 10 m. Solid line represents aqueous sulfur and carbon species boundaries which are loci of equal molalities. Dashed lines represent the stability boundaries for some minerals. Ad adularia. Bn bomite, Cp chalcopyrite, Ht hematite, Ka kaolinite, Mt magnetite, Po pyrrhotite, Py pyrite, Se sericite. Heavy dashed lines (1), (2), and (3) are iso-activity lines for ZnCOs component in carbonate in equilibrium with sphalerite (1) 4 co3=0-1- (2) 4 ,co3=0-01- (3) 4 co3 =0-001 (Shikazono, 1977b).

In the case when one of the two measurements of the contingency table is divided in ordered categories, one can construct a so-called thermometer plot. On this plot we represent the ordered measurement along the horizontal axis and the scores of the dominant latent vectors along the vertical axis. The solid line in Fig. 32.9 displays the prominent features of the first latent vector which, in the context of our illustration, is called the women/men factor. It clearly indicates a sustained progress of the share of women doctorates from 1966 onwards. The dashed line corresponds with the second latent vector which can be labelled as the chemistry/ other fields factor. This line shows initially a decline of the share of chemistry and a slow but steady recovery from 1973 onwards. The successive decline and rise are responsible for the horseshoe-like appearance of the pattern of points representing... 

Based on this physical view of the reaction dynamics, a very broad class of models can be constructed that yield qualitatively similar oscillations of the reaction probabilities. As shown in Fig. 40(b), a model based on Eckart barriers and constant non-adiabatic coupling to mimic H + D2, yields out-of-phase oscillations in Pr(0,0 — 0,j E) analogous to those observed in the full quantum scattering calculation. Note, however, that if the recoupling in the exit-channel is omitted (as shown in Fig. 40(b) with dashed lines) then oscillations disappear and Pr exhibits simple steps at the QBS energies. As the occurrence of the oscillation is quite insensitive to the details of the model, the interference of pathways through the network of QBS seems to provide a robust mechanism for the oscillating reaction probabilities. 

Figure 4. Part of the potential energy surface of CHsO+ calculated by Chunxiano et al.69 (solid lines) and constructed from thermochemical data in the literature.27-30 The dashed lines indicate that the connected species are coupled by binary reactions, as determined experimentally. It is not meant to imply that there are no barriers between...

We use a starting point of (0.75, 0). The feasible region is shown in Figure 8.15 as the dashed line segment. At the initial point constraint 1 is strictly satisfied, but constraints 2 and 3 are violated. GRG constructs the phase I objective function as the sum of the absolute values of all constraint violations. For this case the sum of the infeasibilities (sinf) is... 

From the above estimations we conclude that is it at least a good approximation to consider only homogeneous phases to describe the quark matter phase. In Fig. 4 we display the pressure as a function of fi for neutral homogeneous quark matter phases. We see that at small // the 2SC phase (dashed line) is favored whereas at large // we find a CFL phase (solid line). Normal quark matter (dotted line) turns out to be never favored. This will be our input for the description of the quark matter phase. Of course, in order to construct a compact star, we also have to take into account the possibility of a hadronic component in the equation of state (EOS). To this end, we take a given hadronic EOS and construct a phase transition to quark matter from the requirement of maximal pressure. This is shown in the left panel of Fig. 5 for an example hadronic EOS [53], At the transition point to the quark-matter phase we directly enter the CFL phase and normal or 2SC quark matter is completely irrelevant in this... 

Take, for example, the plot of G versus temperature for elemental sulfur, represented by the bottom diagram in Figure 2.1. We know from experiments and observation that there are four phases we have to consider for sulfur two solid forms (a low-temperature orthorhombic form, R, and high-temperature monoclinic form, M), liquid (L), and vapor (or gas, V). The lines of G versus T for each phase, which are partially solid and continue on as dashed lines, are constructed at constant pressure using Eq. (2.10),... 

FIGURE 2.23 The EXAFS process (a) the photoelectron is ejected by X-ray absorption, (b) the outgoing photoelectron wave (solid line) is backscattered constructively by the surrounding atoms (dashed line), and (c) destructive interference between the outgoing and the backscattered wave. 

Figure 12.5 A reaction coordinate q constructed piecewise from reactants R to products P as a series of PMFs determined using different umbrella functions. The individual PMFs determined using Eq. (12.26), shown below the dashed line and taking each left endpoint as the relative zero, are held within their respective regions of the reaction coordinate by the umbrella function. Their overlap on a common energy scale generates the complete PMF shown above the dashed line...

Figure 2.10 Representative Van der Waals PV isotherms for CO2 near the critical point (x), showing (a) contrasting monotonic behavior above Tc (at T = 31 OK) compared with oscillatory loops below Tc (at T = 280 and 290K) (b) Maxwell s equal-area construction for finding pressure P0 (horizontal dashed line) that cuts off equal areas in the upper loop (between VM and VG) and the lower loop (between VL and VM) P0 = 52.2 atm for T = 280K, 60.4 atm for 290K.

---