Dangerous omissions

Commercial 70 % nitric acid can be used for the 6>-nitration of low molecular weight alcohols like ethanol and 2-propanol. The nitrate ester products are isolated from the cautious distillation of a mixture of the alcohol and excess 70 % nitric acid. The presence of urea in these reactions is very important for the destruction of nitrous acid and its omission can lead to very violent fume-off. However, this method is not recommended on safety grounds. Using temperatures above ambient for the O-nitration of alcohols, with either nitric acid or mixed acid, is dangerous and greatly increases the risk of explosion. 

Solvent treatment ca. 10% loss Impact due to loss at distillation but omission of treatment of dangerous waste... 

Waste > 100% of input appr. 25% of input Less environmental burden due to mass reduction and omission of dangerous waste, less quantities to be transported in the Chemical Leasing model... 

There is a danger of commission as well as of omission. Especially, in a Viewpoint search, the data which are so important at this specific time may not have been of the same degree of importance to the abstractor or indexer of the original paper. 

Many multispecies tests and field studies are designed to look at only certain populations or other attributes of the ecosystem. This is not the fault of the study per se, since the funding, personnel, and physical resources are usually limited. The danger lies in the picking and choosing of secondary results from these studies. For example, the standardized aquatic microcosm contains 16 species that are initially inoculated into the system. However, in the results for publication, the dynamics and interactions of all species and the combinations are not reported. To do so would be cumbersome and expensive. Only the dynamics of the organisms and interactions which are apparently the critical components are reported. Assuming that the other components are not affected because of their omission or lack of space in the article could be erroneous. Anecdotal data from field or multispecies tests are similarly difficult to interpret. Omission or inclusion of a report may reflect more the nature of the researcher than the presence or absence of the effect. 

In this chapter we shall use the symbol /op. to represent the operator corresponding to the dynamical function /. The subscript op. was not used in the earlier chapters because there was no danger of confusion attending its omission. See Secs. 10, 12. 

The Voigt modes is represented by Fig. 8 if the spring on the right-hand side is omitted. Omission of the spring is dangerous because it leads to an infinite stiffness at infinite frequencies. The Voigt model only makes sense in the low-frequency hmit. 

Churchill immediately concurred— Any divergence between us, even by omission, would on such an occasion and at such a time have been damaging or even dangerous to our war effort —and unconditional surrender became official Allied policy. 

Caution Treat all chemical substances as if they have dangerous properties. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this Dictionary, and cannot accept any legal responsibility [Pg.1288]

A second type of liability includes strict liability. It is known as liability without fault and relates to situations where one is held responsible for the consequences of his or her actions or omissions, regardless of fault or exercise of due care. Strict liability was first applied in cases involving abnormally dangerous activities such as blasting, but it has achieved significantly broader application in the law of products liability and workers compensation. 

The failure case - the intention is to identify human error potential and assess reliability when specifically related to the dangerous human errors of commission or omission. In addition, the failure case must identify any human tasks arising fn>m die need to mitigate machine failure. 

The immediate cause of the accident appears to be that the Thames Train passed a red signal [a signal at danger ] some 700m before the collision point. The reasons why the train passed at the red light are likely to be complex. RI will be looking at the underlying causes as well as any more obvious ones. Our belief is that it is a systems failure and that any action or omission on the part of the driver was only one factor (HSC, 1999 para. 5)... 

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