Daltonide stoichiometry

The semiconducting forms of the transition metal oxides are almost never fully oxidized but often have nearly Daltonide stoichiometry. Oxidation of the metal powder, decomposition of the carbonates, and oxidation of a volatile precursor are all employed. Metal carbonyls, such as Ni(CO)4 and Fe(CO)s, are very useful, since distillation is a facile method of purification for these volatile liquids. Caution Ni(CO)4 is very toxic, and generates CO upon decomposition. 

In last century the knowledge of defects in a solid, especially an oxide, has been explored comprehensively. The contribution of Schottky and Wagner successfully put the problem on a quantitative basis and promote the discovery of semiconductor transistor. The idea of non-stoichiometry was developed by Berthollet more than a hundred years ago and the controversy between berthollides, which do not obey the Dalton s law, and daltonides, which follow Dalton s law of constant and multiple proportions based originally upon the study of simple ionic and molecular species, encouraged the scientific debates on how existence of point defect in a compound is is it random statistic distribution or the structure related The experimental data are the best way to explore the truth. Indirect and direct observations of atom... 

Stoichiometry Stoichiometric—Referring to exact balance of weights of materials in a reacting mixture, based on the stipulations of the Daltonide compounds in which each molecule contains atoms in proportions of small whole numbers. Opposite—nonstoichio-metric or BertholUde compounds. 

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