D orthogonal blocks

Hiroka el al [56] have established that orthogonal woven composites have better compressive and flexural fatigue strengths than 2-D composites. 

Cahuzac [57] divides the processes used by Aerospatiale for making 3-D preforms into three categories  

Processes using a network of rods—metallic wire rods set in thick pierced plates are used to simulate the longitudinal direction of the weave. The first process stage is on a weaving machine, when yarns are inserted between the rods in the Z direction accompanied by 

Schematic view of 4-D construction. Source Reprinted with permission from Burns RL, Manufacturing and design of carbon-carbon composites, Buckley JD, Edie ED eds., Carbon-Carbon Materials and Composites, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, 197-222, 1992. Copyright 1992, William Andrew Publishing. 

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