Staining cytochemical

Fig. 11.1. Somatic and secreted AChEs in N. brasiliensis. Extracts of parasites collected 4 days (track 1) and 8 days (track 3) post-infection of rats were resolved by non-denaturing PAGE alongside secreted products from parasites also collected 4 days (track 2) and 8 days (track 4) postinfection, and AChE activity visualized by cytochemical staining. Secretory enzymes designated as forms A, B and C are indicated, and the non-secreted isoform is arrowed. Reproduced from Hussein etal. (1999b), with permission.

Table 2 Summary of the Specificity of Cytochemical Stains Available for the Detection of Various Classes of Cellular Chemicals a,h ...

Lewis PR. Cytochemical Staining Methods for Electron Microscopy, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1992. 

Finally, the reader is referred to Van Nooden and Hulstaert (46) and Lewis and Knight (47) for reviews of cytochemical staining methods for electron microscopy. Continual improvements in ultrastructural cytochemistry are anticipated. 

Knight DR, Lewis PR. General cytochemical methods, in Cytochemical Staining Methods for Electron Microscopy. Practical Methods in Electron Microscopy (Glauert A, ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992, pp. 79-145. 

Classical microscopy was largely the occupation of professional cytologists. Some biochemists were excited by the possibilities of cytochemical staining for enzymes and the Feulgen technique for DNA,... 

Ludfer Yellow derivatives are used extensively for cytochemical staining applications, especially in neurophysiology (Stewart, 1981a, b). The fluorophores are 3.6-disul-... 

Subcellular organelles cannot readily be distinguished under the light microscope without first staining the specimen with a chemical. Proteins can be stained with eosin or methylene blue, DNA with fuchsin. The location of an enzyme in a specimen can be revealed by cytochemical staining using a substrate which is converted into a colored product by the enzyme. 

J. P. F. Tijssen and J. Van Steveninck (1985). Cytochemical staining of a yeast polyphosphate fraction, localized outside the plasma membrane. Protoplasma, 125, 124-128. 

Common signs and symptoms at presentation are described in the clinical presentation boxes. In addition to clinical presentation, laboratory and pathology evaluations are required for a definitive diagnosis of leukemia. The most important test is a bone marrow biopsy and aspirate, which is submitted to hematopathology for numerous evaluations. Cytochemical stains are helpful to determine if the acute leukemia is of myeloid or lymphoid lineage. Immunophe-... 

Bone marrow biopsy and aspirate send for morphologic examination, cytochemical staining, immunophenotyping, and cytogenetic (chromosome) analysis. 

Cytochemical staining, by a method involving oxidation with periodate and reaction with thiosemicarbazide and osmium tetroxide, has revealed the presence of polysaccharide lamellae on the surface of the cell membrane of Claviceps purpurea.The membranous clusters in vacuolar bodies of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes, tonoplasts, and cytoplasmic membranes are covered with these lamellae. Somatic and metabolic polysaccharides composed of D-mannose and L-rhamnose have been isolated from Certocystic stenoceras and Sporotrichum schenckii , chemical and immunological analyses indicated close similarities in their structures. When pseudoplasmodia of Dictyostelium discoideum were incubated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-[ H]glucose, the label was incorporated into a polysaccharide in the slime sheath. The incorporated label disappeared... 

J. A sensitive cytochemical staining method for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in individual erythrocytes. I. Optimalization of the staining procedure. Histochemistry 1982, 74,... 

Flickinger, C. J., and Wise, G. E., 1970, Cytochemical staining of the Golgi apparatus in Amoeba proteus, J. Cell Biol. 46 620. 

Vital stains are useful to discriminate between live and dead or injured cells on the basis of membrane permeability whereas cytochemical stains are useful to identify specific cellular components (Rana, 2008). Examples of vital stains include neutral red, which is taken by the lysosomes of healthy viable cells, and trypan blue, which is taken up by dead cells as the dye only crosses the membrane of dead cells. The cytochemical staining depends on the chemical composition or the enzymatic activity of the stain component and, therefore, cytochemical stains are used to assess the presence/absence of specific organic compounds and their localization (Rana, 2008). 

---